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Philosophy and Neuroscience: A Ruthlessly Reductive Account is the first book-length treatment of philosophical issues and implications in current cellular and molecular neuroscience. John Bickle articulates a philosophical justification for investigating "lower level" neuroscientific research and describes a set of experimental details that have recently yielded the reduction of memory consolidation to the molecular mechanisms of long-term potentiation (LTP). These empirical details suggest answers to recent philosophical disputes over the nature and possibility of psycho-neural scientific reduction, including the multiple realization challenge, mental causation, and relations across explanatory levels. Bickle concludes by examining recent work in cellular neuroscience pertaining to features of conscious experience, including the cellular basis of working memory, the effects of explicit selective attention on single-cell activity in visual cortex, and sensory experiences induced by cortical microstimulation.
The third edition of a work that defines the field of cognitive neuroscience, with extensive new material including new chapters and new contributors.
Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) is a prevalent and often debilitating disorder with approximately 10% of people (incorporating ages from children to the elderly) perceiving it continuously, and in 1-3% of the population it seriously affects the quality of life. The most common cause of tinnitus is hearing loss, and its prevalence has surged as a result from the various large-scale military actions in the Middle East in the last decade. Recent advances have been made in the area of behavioral animal models, in the understanding of human brain imaging aspects of tinnitus, and in addressing the long-range changes in human brain connectivity. Furthermore continued exploration of the three major animal models of tinnitus: salicylate-induced, noise trauma induced, and resulting from somatic interactions with the auditory system has further delineated the relative roles of cochlear activity vs. central auditory system changes. Evidence for the role of neural synchrony changes in tinnitus originates both from human EEG and MEG studies as well as from neuron pair-correlation studies in animals.
In Vivo Perfusion and Release of Neuroactive Substances: Methods and Strategies examines the perfusion and release methods and strategies used to study in vivo neurochemistry in relation to electrophysiological and behavioral events. More specifically, it reviews methodological alternatives and experimental strategies for investigating the in vivo perfusion and release of brain substances in the central nervous system. It also assesses the potential and limitations of in vivo perfusion methods, including high-pressure liquid chromatography and highly sensitive as well as specific immunoassays and receptor assays, as a means to discover novel neurochemicals recovered from perfusates. Organize...
What does it mean to be visually literate? Does it mean different things in the arts and the sciences? In the West, in Asia, or in developing nations? If we all need to become "visually literate," what does that mean in practical terms? The essays gathered here examine a host of issues surrounding "the visual," exploring national and regional ideas of visuality and charting out new territories of visual literacy that lie far beyond art history, such as law and chemistry. With an afterword by Christopher Crouch, this groundbreaking collection brings together the work of major art and visual studies scholars and critics to explore what impact the new concept of "visual literacy" will have on the traditional field of art history. Contributors: Matthias Bruhn, Vera Dünkel, Jonathan Crary, Christopher Crouch, Peter Dallow, James Elkins, Henrik Enquist, W.J.T. Mitchell, Richard K. Sherwin, Susan Shifrin, Jon Simons, Barbara Maria Stafford, William Washabaugh
This book provides current information about the three areas mentioned in the title: Neuronal Migration and Development, Degenerative Brain Diseases, and Neural Plasticity and Regeneration. The chapters about brain development examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which neurons are generated from the ventricular zone in the forebrain and migrate to their destinations in the cerebral cortext. This description of cortical development also includes a discussions of the Cajal-Retzius cell. Another chapter provides insight about the development of another forebrain region, the hypothalamus. The remaining chapters of this section examine the clinical relevance of brain development in ce...
For the past 20 years, the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) has been at the forefront of efforts to promote science and science-based developments in the developing world. This history of TWAS, the first of its kind, seeks to examine the forces that led to the creation of the Academy and that have sustained its growth and development ever since. This is a history of an organization that has made a difference in the advancement of science in the developing world and one that has been operated largely by and for scientists from the South. It provides a unique perspective on the challenges and opportunities that have driven science in the South over the past two decades and offers a window on the progress that has been made and the enormous amount of work that still needs to be done.
How the cerebral cortex operates near a critical phase transition point for optimum performance. Individual neurons have limited computational powers, but when they work together, it is almost like magic. Firing synchronously and then breaking off to improvise by themselves, they can be paradoxically both independent and interdependent. This happens near the critical point: when neurons are poised between a phase where activity is damped and a phase where it is amplified, where information processing is optimized, and complex emergent activity patterns arise. The claim that neurons in the cortex work best when they operate near the critical point is known as the criticality hypothesis. In th...
What sets humans apart from other animals? Perhaps more than anything else, it is the capacity for innovation. The accumulation of discoveries throughout history, big and small, has enabled us to build global civilizations and gain power to shape our environment. But what makes humans as a species so innovative? Min W. Jung offers a new understanding of the neural basis of innovation in terms of humans’ exceptional capacity for imagination and high-level abstraction. He provides an engaging account of recent advances in neuroscience that have shed light on the neural underpinnings of these profoundly important abilities. Jung examines key discoveries concerning the hippocampus and neural c...
Synthesizing current information about sensory-motor plasticity, Neural Plasticity in Adult Somatic Sensory-Motor Systems provides an up-to-date description of the dynamic processes that occur in somatic sensory-motor cortical circuits or somatic sensory pathways to the cortex due to experience, learning, or damage to the nervous system. The book e