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Isolated Involutions in Finite Groups
This text provides a new proof of Glauberman's Z*-Theorem under the additional hypothesis that the simple groups involved in the centraliser of an isolated involution are known simple groups.
Finite Simple Groups: Thirty Years of the Atlas and Beyond
Classification of Finite Simple Groups, one of the most monumental accomplishments of modern mathematics, was announced in 1983 with the proof completed in 2004. Since then, it has opened up a new and powerful strategy to approach and resolve many previously inaccessible problems in group theory, number theory, combinatorics, coding theory, algebraic geometry, and other areas of mathematics. This strategy crucially utilizes various information about finite simple groups, part of which is catalogued in the Atlas of Finite Groups (John H. Conway et al.), and in An Atlas of Brauer Characters (Christoph Jansen et al.). It is impossible to overestimate the roles of the Atlases and the related com...
Primality Testing for Beginners
How can you tell whether a number is prime? What if the number has hundreds or thousands of digits? This question may seem abstract or irrelevant, but in fact, primality tests are performed every time we make a secure online transaction. In 2002, Agrawal, Kayal, and Saxena answered a long-standing open question in this context by presenting a deterministic test (the AKS algorithm) with polynomial running time that checks whether a number is prime or not. What is more, their methods are essentially elementary, providing us with a unique opportunity to give a complete explanation of a current mathematical breakthrough to a wide audience. Rempe-Gillen and Waldecker introduce the aspects of number theory, algorithm theory, and cryptography that are relevant for the AKS algorithm and explain in detail why and how this test works. This book is specifically designed to make the reader familiar with the background that is necessary to appreciate the AKS algorithm and begins at a level that is suitable for secondary school students, teachers, and interested amateurs. Throughout the book, the reader becomes involved in the topic by means of numerous exercises.
Hilbert’s Tenth Problem: An Introduction to Logic, Number Theory, and Computability
Hilbert's tenth problem is one of 23 problems proposed by David Hilbert in 1900 at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris. These problems gave focus for the exponential development of mathematical thought over the following century. The tenth problem asked for a general algorithm to determine if a given Diophantine equation has a solution in integers. It was finally resolved in a series of papers written by Julia Robinson, Martin Davis, Hilary Putnam, and finally Yuri Matiyasevich in 1970. They showed that no such algorithm exists. This book is an exposition of this remarkable achievement. Often, the solution to a famous problem involves formidable background. Surprisingly, th...
Mathematical Software – ICMS 2018
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mathematical Software, ICMS 2018, held in South Bend, IN, USA, in July 2018.The 59 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The program of the 2018 meeting consisted of 20 topical sessions, each of which providing an overview of the challenges, achievements and progress in a subeld of mathematical software research, development and use.
An Introduction to Symmetric Functions and Their Combinatorics
This book is a reader-friendly introduction to the theory of symmetric functions, and it includes fundamental topics such as the monomial, elementary, homogeneous, and Schur function bases; the skew Schur functions; the Jacobi–Trudi identities; the involution ω ω; the Hall inner product; Cauchy's formula; the RSK correspondence and how to implement it with both insertion and growth diagrams; the Pieri rules; the Murnaghan–Nakayama rule; Knuth equivalence; jeu de taquin; and the Littlewood–Richardson rule. The book also includes glimpses of recent developments and active areas of research, including Grothendieck polynomials, dual stable Grothendieck polynomials, Stanley's chromatic sy...
An Introduction to Ramsey Theory
This book takes the reader on a journey through Ramsey theory, from graph theory and combinatorics to set theory to logic and metamathematics. Written in an informal style with few requisites, it develops two basic principles of Ramsey theory: many combinatorial properties persist under partitions, but to witness this persistence, one has to start with very large objects. The interplay between those two principles not only produces beautiful theorems but also touches the very foundations of mathematics. In the course of this book, the reader will learn about both aspects. Among the topics explored are Ramsey's theorem for graphs and hypergraphs, van der Waerden's theorem on arithmetic progre...
Weighted Bergman Spaces Induced by Rapidly Increasing Weights
This monograph is devoted to the study of the weighted Bergman space $A^p_\omega$ of the unit disc $\mathbb{D}$ that is induced by a radial continuous weight $\omega$ satisfying $\lim_{r\to 1^-}\frac{\int_r^1\omega(s)\,ds}{\omega(r)(1-r)}=\infty.$ Every such $A^p_\omega$ lies between the Hardy space $H^p$ and every classical weighted Bergman space $A^p_\alpha$. Even if it is well known that $H^p$ is the limit of $A^p_\alpha$, as $\alpha\to-1$, in many respects, it is shown that $A^p_\omega$ lies ``closer'' to $H^p$ than any $A^p_\alpha$, and that several finer function-theoretic properties of $A^p_\alpha$ do not carry over to $A^p_\omega$.
Operator-Valued Measures, Dilations, and the Theory of Frames
The authors develop elements of a general dilation theory for operator-valued measures. Hilbert space operator-valued measures are closely related to bounded linear maps on abelian von Neumann algebras, and some of their results include new dilation results for bounded linear maps that are not necessarily completely bounded, and from domain algebras that are not necessarily abelian. In the non-cb case the dilation space often needs to be a Banach space. They give applications to both the discrete and the continuous frame theory. There are natural associations between the theory of frames (including continuous frames and framings), the theory of operator-valued measures on sigma-algebras of sets, and the theory of continuous linear maps between -algebras. In this connection frame theory itself is identified with the special case in which the domain algebra for the maps is an abelian von Neumann algebra and the map is normal (i.e. ultraweakly, or weakly, or w*) continuous.
Relative Equilibria in the 3-Dimensional Curved $n$-Body Problem
Considers the 3 -dimensional gravitational n -body problem, n32 , in spaces of constant Gaussian curvature k10 , i.e. on spheres S 3 ?1 , for ?>0 , and on hyperbolic manifolds H 3 ?1, for ?
