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The P=NP Question and Gödel’s Lost Letter
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 223

The P=NP Question and Gödel’s Lost Letter

? DoesP=NP. In just ?ve symbols Dick Karp –in 1972–captured one of the deepest and most important questions of all time. When he ?rst wrote his famous paper, I think it’s fair to say he did not know the depth and importance of his question. Now over three decades later, we know P=NP is central to our understanding of compu- tion, it is a very hard problem, and its resolution will have potentially tremendous consequences. This book is a collection of some of the most popular posts from my blog— Godel ̈ Lost Letter andP=NP—which I started in early 2009. The main thrust of the blog, especially when I started, was to explore various aspects of computational complexity around the famousP=NP question. As I published posts I branched out and covered additional material, sometimes a timely event, sometimes a fun idea, sometimes a new result, and sometimes an old result. I have always tried to make the posts readable by a wide audience, and I believe I have succeeded in doing this.

People, Problems, and Proofs
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 319

People, Problems, and Proofs

People, problems, and proofs are the lifeblood of theoretical computer science. Behind the computing devices and applications that have transformed our lives are clever algorithms, and for every worthwhile algorithm there is a problem that it solves and a proof that it works. Before this proof there was an open problem: can one create an efficient algorithm to solve the computational problem? And, finally, behind these questions are the people who are excited about these fundamental issues in our computational world. In this book the authors draw on their outstanding research and teaching experience to showcase some key people and ideas in the domain of theoretical computer science, particul...

Partnership Taxation
  • Language: en

Partnership Taxation

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2017
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  • Publisher: Unknown

To view or download the 2021 Supplement to this book, click here. Partnership Taxation is a textbook designed for lawyers, accountants, and advanced law students. It provides a thorough and sophisticated look at the most important area of tax law for closely held businesses operating in the U.S. Classification, formation, operation, and liquidation of partnerships are covered, as are a number of important associated topics. LLCs are the dominant business form for closely held businesses in the US and are typically taxed as partnerships; accordingly, they receive special attention. The authors come from both private practice and academia and have national reputations. Each chapter contains sophisticated questions designed to thoroughly test students' understanding. The text will also serve students well in their tax practices. It is current through early 2017. Further, the text is regularly supplemented with updates.

On Wilderness
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 15

On Wilderness

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 1991
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  • Publisher: Unknown

Handwritten calligraphy and xerography. A portfolio of excerpts culled by Lipton from readings on nature and the environment from the works of Gerard Manley Hopkins, Barry Lopez, Ansel Adams, Henry David Thoreau, David Brower, Robert Penn Warren, Walt Whitman and others. Designed and executed by Richard Lipton in alternating leaves of calligraphy and printed text. Printed leaves composed in several fonts of Lipton's own experimental computer designed typeface.

Headache
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 394

Headache

Unmask the clinical complexity behind one of the most common neurological symptoms Headache is a common clinical complaint often overlooked by both sufferers and physicians that can be intimidating to approach and manage. Hundreds of different etiologies, both benign and life-threatening, may primarily feature the symptom, and diagnosis can therefore be challenging. Headache is a practical guide to headache medicine designed for both neurologists and general practitioners. Its expert author team introduces the principles of classification and diagnosis, and focuses in detail on the main classes of headache – migraine, tension-type and trigeminal autonomic cephalgias, including cluster headache. They also cover unusual headache disorders such as hemicrania continua and new daily persistent headache, and address the management of headache in women, children and the elderly. With a clinically focused practical approach, Headache draws on the experience of international specialists to help you diagnose and manage your patients more effectively.

The P=NP Question and Gödel’s Lost Letter
  • Language: en

The P=NP Question and Gödel’s Lost Letter

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2014-10-20
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  • Publisher: Springer

? DoesP=NP. In just ?ve symbols Dick Karp –in 1972–captured one of the deepest and most important questions of all time. When he ?rst wrote his famous paper, I think it’s fair to say he did not know the depth and importance of his question. Now over three decades later, we know P=NP is central to our understanding of compu- tion, it is a very hard problem, and its resolution will have potentially tremendous consequences. This book is a collection of some of the most popular posts from my blog— Godel ̈ Lost Letter andP=NP—which I started in early 2009. The main thrust of the blog, especially when I started, was to explore various aspects of computational complexity around the famousP=NP question. As I published posts I branched out and covered additional material, sometimes a timely event, sometimes a fun idea, sometimes a new result, and sometimes an old result. I have always tried to make the posts readable by a wide audience, and I believe I have succeeded in doing this.

Mutation Testing for the New Century
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 144

Mutation Testing for the New Century

Extensive research and development has produce mutation tools for languages such as Fortran, Ada, C, and IDL; empirical evaluations comparing mutation with other test adequacy criteria; empirical evidence and theoretical justification for the coupling effect; and techniques for speeding up mutation testing using various types of high performance architectures. Mutation has received the attention of software developers and testers in such diverse areas as network protocols and nuclear simulation. Mutation Testing for the New Century brings together cutting edge research results in mutation testing from a wide range of researchers. This book provides answers to key questions related to mutation and raises questions yet to be answered. It is an excellent resource for researchers, practitioners, and students of software engineering.

Wolff's Headache and Other Head Pain
  • Language: en

Wolff's Headache and Other Head Pain

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2023
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  • Publisher: Unknown

The eighth edition of 'Wolff's Headache and Other Head Pain' remains the definitive reference text in the field. Knowledge and understanding of headache and its management have changed in the 21st century. This new edition incorporates all of these new developments, with all chapters updated and many new contributors added.

Introduction to Quantum Algorithms via Linear Algebra, second edition
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 281

Introduction to Quantum Algorithms via Linear Algebra, second edition

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2021-04-06
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  • Publisher: MIT Press

Quantum computing explained in terms of elementary linear algebra, emphasizing computation and algorithms and requiring no background in physics. This introduction to quantum algorithms is concise but comprehensive, covering many key algorithms. It is mathematically rigorous but requires minimal background and assumes no knowledge of quantum theory or quantum mechanics. The book explains quantum computation in terms of elementary linear algebra; it assumes the reader will have some familiarity with vectors, matrices, and their basic properties, but offers a review of the relevant material from linear algebra. By emphasizing computation and algorithms rather than physics, it makes quantum algorithms accessible to students and researchers in computer science who have not taken courses in quantum physics or delved into fine details of quantum effects, apparatus, circuits, or theory.

Knowing Machines
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 356

Knowing Machines

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 1998
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  • Publisher: MIT Press

The essays are tied together by their explorations of connections (primarily among technology, society, and knowledge) and by their general focus on modern "high" technology. They also share an emphasis on the complexity of technological formation and fixation and on the role of belief (especially self-validating belief) in technological change.