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PFASs in the Nordic environment
This report describes a screening study of in all ninety-nine conventional and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Nordic environment. In addition, extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was analysed. The latter can provide the amount, but not identity, of organofluorine in the samples, which in turn can be used to assess the mass balance between known and unknown PFASs. The study was initiated by the Nordic Screening Group and funded by these and the Nordic Council of Ministers through the Chemicals Group.A total of 102 samples were analyzed in this study, including bird eggs, fish, marine mammals, terrestrial mammals, surface water, WWTP effluents and sludge, and air. Samples were collected by institutes from the participating countries and self-governing areas; Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.
Analysis of needs for enforcement of PFAS in articles and chemical products
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2024-510/ Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of substances that have been widely used for decades due to their surface-active properties. However, their characteristic resistance to degradation in combination with other properties of concern for human health and the environment has resulted in regulatory actions such as restrictions towards this group of substances, in the EU and globally. Compliance with restrictions as well as enforcement by authorities is key to reduce intentional use of restricted PFAS in articles and chemical products. To analyse PFAS accurately, robust and reliable analytical methods are required. This report evaluates the current situation related to PFAS-analyses and enforcement (including challenges and needs) and propose measures/strategies to enable and/or improve enforcement of, and compliance with current and future, PFAS restrictions.
Catalogue: Authors
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Index of Patents Issued from the United States Patent Office
pt. 1. List of patentees.--pt. 2. Index to subjects of inventions.
Journal of the Chemical Society
"Titles of chemical papers in British and foreign journals" included in Quarterly journal, v. 1-12.
2024-25 UKPSC General Studies Solved Papers
2024-25 UKPSC General Studies Solved Papers 448 895 E. This book contains 62 sets solved papers and 6690 objective questions.
2024-25 UKPSC (Pre & Mains) General Studies
2024-25 UKPSC (Pre & Mains) General Studies 416 795 E. This book contains 63 question papers from 1991 to 2024.
