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The first part of the book deals with several aspects of different viruses : viral structure, function, replication and interplay between the virus and the host. Six viruses are used as examples, four RNA viruses (HTLV-I, HIV-1, MMTV and coxsackievirus B4) and two DNA viruses (EBV and KSHV). The second part of the book is devoted to the use of the knowledge on viruses to practical applications and also to the characterisation of HIV inhibitors. Reviewing the results of research on different viruses is important since, although viruses possess vast degrees of complexity, they also share similar features. In addition, viruses are more and more used as models to solve molecular biology problems.
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Immunology is the study of the body's protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and the responses to them. These invaders include viruses, bacteria, protozoa or even larger parasites. In addition, immune responses are developed against our own proteins (and other molecules) in autoimmunity and against our own aberrant cells in tumour immunity. The first line of defence against foreign organisms are barrier tissues such as the skin that stop the entry of organism into our bodies. A second line of defence is the specific or adaptive immune system which may take days to respond to a primary invasion (that is infection by an organism that has not hitherto been seen). This new book brings together new research from around the globe dealing with this extremely important subject.
Protein research is a frontier field in science. Proteins are widely distributed in plants and animals and are the principal constituents of the protoplasm of all cells, and consist essentially of combinations of a-amino acids in peptide linkages. Twenty different amino acids are commonly found in proteins, and serve as enzymes, structural elements, hormones, immunoglobulins, etc., and are involved throughout the body, and in photosynthesis. This new book gathers new leading-edge research from throughout the world in this exciting and exploding field of research.
This book documents the effects of natural hazards on coastal ecosystems in detail. The sea is an indispensable component of the Earth system, and human societies obtain many goods and services from the marine environment. Global warming threatens marine ecosystems through seawater temperature rise, acidification, sea-level rise and the increased frequency of severe storms. The repeated effects of tsunamis also have major impacts on coastal ecosystems. Increases in population and industry activities along the coast cause the degradation of coastal ecosystems through direct and indirect uses of the environment such as reclamation, overexploitation of bioresources, and pollution. Given these f...
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