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Contributed articles presented at an International Conference on Separation Processes organized by Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University in 2009.
Nanotechnology has shown great potential in all spheres of life. With the increasing pressure to meet the food demands of rapidly increasing population, thus, novel innovation and research are required in agriculture. The principles of nanotechnology can be implemented to meet the challenges faced by agricultural demands. Major challenges include the loss of nutrients in the soil and nutrient-deficient plants, which result in a lower crop yield and quality. Subsequently, consumption of such crops leads to malnourishment in humans, especially in underprivileged and rural populations. One convenient approach to tackle nutrient deficiency in plants is via the use of fertilizers; however, this m...
The cropping system is one of the important components of sustainable agriculture, since it provides more efficient nutrient cycling. As such, balanced fertilization must be based on the concept of sustainable crop production. Feeding the rapidly growing world population using environmentally sustainable production systems is a major challenge, especially in developing countries. A number of studies have highlighted the fact that degradation of the world's cultivated soils is largely responsible for low and plateauing yields. Soil is lost rapidly but only formed over millennia, and this represents the greatest global threat to nutrient dynamics in agriculture. This means that nutrient manage...
Rajiv Gandhi represented a certain ideology and principles. These were rooted in India s glorious traditions of international movement as espoused by Mahatam Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and later by Indira Gandhi. It was on these principles that rested the foundation of a democratic, secular and united India. India is today at the crossroasds. Has Rajiv left behind both a fragile nation and a Party split more than every by internal rivalries? Does the Congress party want to get a majority in Parliament by riding a sympathy wave instead of attracting voters of its policies and programmes? There is no alternative to the Congress if secular nationalism has to be safeguarded and the Congress itself...
"Despite an increased government commitment in some developing countries to eradicating non-communicable diseases and introducing innovative prevention programs aimed at reducing obesity and type-2 diabetes, sugary beverage and fast food companies are thriving there. In examining this paradox, the author presents a political science explanation that emphasizes how junk food industries restructure politics and society before agenda setting for policy ever takes place"--
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Molecular modeling (MM) tools offer significant benefits in the design of industrial chemical plants and material processing operations. While the role of MM in biological fields is well established, in most cases MM works as an accessory in novel products/materials development rather than a tool for direct innovation. As a result, MM engineers and practitioners are often seized with the question: "How do I leverage these tools to develop novel materials or chemicals in my industry?" Molecular Modeling for the Design of Novel Performance Chemicals and Materials answers this important question via a simple and practical approach to the MM paradigm. Using case studies, it highlights the import...
Access to modern commercialization channels is key for smallholder farmers to be able to move away from subsistence farming and overcome poverty. However, achieving that goal is challenging for smallholders given their lack of appropriate managerial practices, production technology and infrastructure. This paper examines the effect of receiving training in two different entrepreneurial practices designed to link farmers to commercial markets: one direct aimed at the individual and farmer-association level and another indirect focused at the community level. We exploit an extensive panel dataset of staple bean farmers in Nicaragua who participated in a program run by a nongovernmental organiz...
Facing scarcity of a production factor, a firm can develop technologies to either substitute the scarce factor (price effect) or complement the more abundant factors (market size effect). Whether the market size effect or the price effect dominates largely depends on the elasticity of substitution among factors according to the theory of directed technical change. However, it is a great challenge to empirically test the theory because factor prices are often endogenously determined. In this paper, we use imbalanced sex ratios across Chinese provinces as a source of identification strategy to test how female labor scarcity affects corporate innovation based on the matched dataset of annual su...