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Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths
Even at the beginning of the new millenium the rare earths still remain, to a certain extent, a mystery. The chapters in this volume will help to unravel some of these. In the filling of the 4f electronic orbitals the lanthanides defy the elementary aufbau principle that underlies the periodic sequence of the elements, and the authors of the first chapter introduce the readers to the basic physics of the orbital collapse leading to that failure. Furthermore an explanation is offered in terms of double-well potentials. The phenomenon is illustrated using the valence transitions observed in some of the rare earth atoms, including Sm group metals and the higher oxides of cerium, praseodymium an...
Operational Thermoluminescene Dosimetry
This book provides a comprehensive description of a dosimetric technique called thermoluminescence dosimetry. There are hundreds of scientific papers on thermoluminescence and its applications, but none deal with the “handling” of the technique, except for some official documents regarding procedural tests which are now not easily found. For this reason the authors have written this book with the aim of describing in detail how to use this dosimetric method. This volume is a valuable guide not only on the proper handling of the TL dosimeters but also on the results obtained by their use.The book consists of nine chapters. The first three chapters cover the theory of thermoluminescence an...
Radiation Synthesis of Materials and Compounds
Researchers and engineers working in nuclear laboratories, nuclear electric plants, and elsewhere in the radiochemical industries need a comprehensive handbook describing all possible radiation-chemistry interactions between irradiation and materials, the preparation of materials under distinct radiation types, the possibility of damage of material
The Role of Point Defects in the Luminescence Processes in Inorganic Solids and Phosphor Development
Specialists in lighting, such as those working with medical imaging devices or scintillators in particle accelerators, are keen on understanding and developing luminescence processes for applications such as 3D x-ray imaging, high-energy particle detection, and electronic data storage. Developing sensitive phosphors requires knowledge of material development and the role of point defects in solids, information often lacking in literature. While doping impurities in inorganic solids can achieve bright fluorescence, creating suitable electron-hole traps is crucial for stimulated luminescence, a fact not commonly emphasized. This book aims to bridge this gap and enlighten readers on phosphor development and luminescence phenomena. It explores the stimulated luminescence properties of three materials, focusing on electron–hole trapping defects in BaFBr:Eu x-ray storage phosphor, electron-hole and interstitial-vacancy trapping mechanisms in LiF under irradiation, and unresolved issues in undoped and rare-earth-doped CaSO4 and BaSO4.
Phosphor Handbook
Phosphor Handbook: Process, Properties and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in research on the synthesis, characterization and applications of organic and inorganic phosphors. There is detailed information presented on the characterization of the relevant phosphor groups, such as up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors, inorganic LED phosphors, organic LED phosphors and thermoluminescence and dosimetric phosphors using various physical and chemical advances. Finally, the advances in phosphor technologies are discussed, including current barriers to their use in commercial applications and emerging opportunities. This book is suitable for researchers a...
Proceedings of the International Conference on Atomic, Molecular, Optical & Nano Physics with Applications
This book highlights the proceedings of the International Conference on Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Nano-Physics with Applications (CAMNP 2019), organized by the Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India. It presents experimental and theoretical studies of atoms, ions, molecules and nanostructures both at the fundamental level and on the application side using advanced technology. It highlights how modern tools of high-field and ultra-fast physics are no longer merely used to observe nature but can be used to reshape and redirect atoms, molecules, particles or radiation. It brings together leading researchers and professionals on the field to present and discuss the latest finding in the following areas, but not limited to: Atomic and Molecular Structure, Collision Processes, Data Production and Applications Spectroscopy of Solar and Stellar Plasma Intense Field, Short Pulse Laser and Atto-Second Physics Laser Technology, Quantum Optics and applications Bose Einstein condensation Nanomaterials and Nanoscience Nanobiotechnolgy and Nanophotonics Nano and Micro-Electronics Computational Condensed Matter Physics
Rare Earth
This monograph represents a tribute to the late Prof. Karl Gschneidner, well known as “Mr. Rare Earth”, distinguished Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the Iowa State University, a Senior Metallurgist at the Ames Laboratory, and the Chief Scientist of the Critical Materials Institute. Topics covered include Rare Earth Glass Spectroscopy, Treating Skin Diseases, Prospective Rare Earth Applications, Optical Information Storage, Diagnostic Imaging, Nanoparticles in Glasses, and ZnO Nanomaterials. Keywords: Fiber Lasers, Luminescent Pathway, Forensic Applications, Rejuvenating Skin, Health Imaging, FCC Catalyst, Energy Transfer, Rare Earth Phosphors.
Unraveling Thermoluminescence
The book is essentially about the theoretical aspects of thermoluminescence (TL). It is structured and written in a manner which will specially be of interest to the fresh undergraduate students and young researchers planning to take up work in the field of thermoluminescence. It is arranged into seven chapters, starting with the historical growth of the subject of TL and an overview of the luminescence phenomena. A Physical model involving thermally disconnected deep traps is specially described. Using this model expressions are derived for the TL intensity growth curve, the supralinearity factor and the pre-dose sensitization factor. A new factor, called the sensitization factor is introdu...
Luminescence Studies of CaTiO3 Nano Powders
Synthesis of nanoparticles consisting of two major routes, namely physical and chemical routes. In physical route one may nsider ‘top-down’ approach which starts from solid and confining it to a limited size. On the other hand, one may consider ‘bottom-up’ approach which starts from molecular system and expands its size. In case of chemical route, the wet chemical technique for the synthesis of nanoparticles includes sol-gel, combustion, co- recipitation, hydrothermal, microwave etc. By conventional solid state route, it is not possible to obtain a nano sized powder because initial sizes of the reactants are much larger. A major challenge encountered in the synthesis of nanoparticles is the poor control over stoichiometry at the nano level. Although the solid state route is simple, this technique suffers from major drawbacks like weak reactivity of the startingmaterials and the poor homogeneity of the product.
Electrolytes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition
Electrolytes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Electrolytes. The editors have built Electrolytes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Electrolytes in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Electrolytes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
