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This in-depth study of the use of pragmatic markers by Spanish and English teenagers offers insight into the currently under-investigated area of teenage talk through the analysis of the Corpus Oral de Lenguaje Adolescente de Madrid and The Bergen Corpus of London Teenage Talk.
Describes how conversation works, providing a systematic and exhaustive account of the structure of spoken discourse and the diverse strategies speakers use to have a conversation. It is illustrated throughout with excerpts from genuine conversation and contains numerous exercises with suggested answers based on conversations in the London-Lund Corpus of English Conversation.
Teenage talk is fascinating, though so far teenage language has not been given the attention in linguistic research that it merits. The dearth of investigations into teenage language is due in part to under representation in language corpora. With the Bergen Corpus of London Teenage Language (COLT) a large corpus of teenage language has become available for research. The first part of Trends in Teenage Talk gives a description how the COLT corpus was collected and processed; the speakers are presented with special emphasis on the recruits and their various backgrounds; ending with a description what the COLT teenagers talk about and how they do it. The second part of the book is devoted to the most prominent features of the teenagers' talk: 'slanguage'; how reported speech is manifested; a survey of non-standard grammatical features; the use of intensifiers; tags; and interactional behaviour in terms of conflict talk.
The theory of rings of quotients has its origin in the work of (j). Ore and K. Asano on the construction of the total ring of fractions, in the 1930's and 40's. But the subject did not really develop until the end of the 1950's, when a number of important papers appeared (by R. E. Johnson, Y. Utumi, A. W. Goldie, P. Gabriel, J. Lambek, and others). Since then the progress has been rapid, and the subject has by now attained a stage of maturity, where it is possible to make a systematic account of it (which is the purpose of this book). The most immediate example of a ring of quotients is the field of fractions Q of a commutative integral domain A. It may be characterized by the two properties...
This book reports on a two-part study: the validation of a test of spoken English for Norwegian secondary school pupils and the corpus-based investigation of the role played by 'smallwords', such as 'well', 'sort of', and 'you know', in bringing about fluency. The first study builds on the Messickian six central aspects of construct validity to produce a practical framework for test validation. It identifies potential sources of invalidity in the test being examined particularly relating to 'fluency'. The second study sets about to explore the concept of fluency, and to expose the extent to which it is acknowledged in the literature to be associated with smallwords, albeit under other names. The findings from the corpus study are drawn on to propose new elements to include in descriptors of fluency, and the implications of the study for classroom practices are discussed.
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Introduction / Anna-Brita Stenström and Annette Myre Jörgensen -- Identity construction: On young women's prosodic construction of identity: evidence from Greek conversational narratives / Argiris Archakis and Dimitris Papazachariou -- Now he thinks he's listening to rock music: identity construction among German teenage girls / Janet Spreckels -- Multilingual practices and identity negotiations among Turkish-speaking young people in a diasporic context / Vally Lytra and Taskin Baraç -- Particular expressions: Lexical innovations in Madrid's teenage talk: some intensifiers / Juan A. Martínez López -- En plan used as a hedge in Spanish teenage language / Annette Myre Jörgensen -- Languages in contrast: a proposal for comparative research on youth language with an outline of diatopic-contrast research within the Hispanic world / Klaus Zimmermann -- Pragmatic markers in contrast: Spanish pues nada and English anyway / Anna-Brita Stenström -- Anglicisms in the informal speech of Norwegian and Chilean adolescents / Eli-Marie Drange -- Similarities and differences between slang in Kaunas and London teenagers' speech / Jolanta Legaudaite
Includes section, "Recent book acquisitions" (varies: Recent United States publications) formerly published separately by the U.S. Army Medical Library.
Teaching fundamental design concepts and the challenges of emerging technology, this textbook prepares students for a career designing the computer systems of the future. In-depth coverage of complexity, power, reliability and performance, coupled with treatment of parallelism at all levels, including ILP and TLP, provides the state-of-the-art training that students need. The whole gamut of parallel architecture design options is explained, from core microarchitecture to chip multiprocessors to large-scale multiprocessor systems. All the chapters are self-contained, yet concise enough that the material can be taught in a single semester, making it perfect for use in senior undergraduate and graduate computer architecture courses. The book is also teeming with practical examples to aid the learning process, showing concrete applications of definitions. With simple models and codes used throughout, all material is made open to a broad range of computer engineering/science students with only a basic knowledge of hardware and software.