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The basal forebrain has received considerable attention in recent years. This emphasis resulted from observations that the cortically projecting cholinergic neurons found in this region are critical for normal information processing. However, to achieve a complete understanding of such a complex function as "information processing" it is necessary to consider the basal forebrain not as an autonomous structure with a solitary task, but one that plays an integrative role; a structure that is connected intimately with many brain regions. This view evolved from the realization that the basal forebrain interfaces cognitive and reward functions with motor outputs. It is from this integrative and f...
Stimulant drugs are widely used in the treatment of ADHD in children and adults. Hundreds of studies over the past 60 years have demonstrated their effectiveness in improving attention span, increasing impulse control, and reducing hyperactivity and restlessness. Despite widespread interest in these compounds, however, their mechanisms of action in the central nervous system have remained poorly understood. Recent advances in the basic and clinical neurosciences now afford the possibility of elucidating these mechanisms. The current volume is the first to bring this expanding knowledge to bear on the central question of why and how stimulants exert their therapeutic effects. The result is a ...
Our understanding of the functional mechanisms relating dopamine activity to normal and abnormal behavior has been turned "upside-down" by the recent developments described in the chapters of this volume. Heretofore, it was generally agreed that all of the pharmacological and behavioral properties ascribed to dopamine systems were mediated via activation or inhibition of the subtype of dopamine receptors termed D2. The properties of these receptors were first characterized in 1975 following their identification by receptor binding techniques utilizing 3H-butyrophenones, potent antipsychotic drugs, used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Although another subtype of dopamine receptor had alrea...
Proceedings of the International Study Group for Tryptophan Research: Sixth International Meeting, held in Baltimore, Maryland, May 9--12, 1989
In the past 15 years much evidence has accumulated which indicates the paramount importance of sensory nerves in reg ulating functions of the gastrointestinal tract. In parallel, the attention of researchers in this field has been increas ingly attracted to the role played by neuropeptides in the normal and diseased gut. Basic research on the peculiar properties of capsaicin, the pungent ingredient from plants of the genus Capsicum, has allowed the gap between these two areas of research to be bridged. Sincethen, the study of gut afferents and neuropeptides has become more and more interconnected and recognized as a major avenue to understand ing the pathophysiology of various human diseases...
Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Institute of Developmental Neuroscience and Aging, held in Torino, Italy, April 5-7, 1990