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Developments in Soil Salinity Assessment and Reclamation
The papers assembled here cover topics such as technological advances in soil salinity mapping and monitoring, management and reclamation of salt-affected soils, use of marginal quality water for crop production, salt-tolerance mechanisms in plants, biosaline agriculture and agroforestry, microbiological interventions for marginal soils, opportunities and challenges in using marginal waters, and soil and water management in irrigated agriculture.
Future of Sustainable Agriculture in Saline Environments
Food production on present and future saline soils deserves the world’s attention particularly because food security is a pressing issue, millions of hectares of degraded soils are available worldwide, freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce, and the global sea-level rise threatens food production in fertile coastal lowlands. Future of Sustainable Agriculture in Saline Environments aims to showcase the global potential of saline agriculture. The book covers the essential topics, such as policy and awareness, soil management, future crops, and genetic developments, all supplemented by case studies that show how this knowledge has been applied. It offers an overview of current research th...
Plant Respiration
Respiration in plants, as in all living organisms, is essential to provide metabolic energy and carbon skeletons for growth and maintenance. As such, respiration is an essential component of a plant’s carbon budget. Depending on species and environmental conditions, it consumes 25-75% of all the carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis – even more at extremely slow growth rates. Respiration in plants can also proceed in a manner that produces neither metabolic energy nor carbon skeletons, but heat. This type of respiration involves the cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase; it is unique to plants, and resides in the mitochondria. The activity of this alternative pathway can be measured based on a difference in fractionation of oxygen isotopes between the cytochrome and the alternative oxidase. Heat production is important in some flowers to attract pollinators; however, the alternative oxidase also plays a major role in leaves and roots of most plants. A common thread throughout this volume is to link respiration, including alternative oxidase activity, to plant functioning in different environments.
Novel Approach to Sustainable Temperate Horticulture
In the current scenario, marked by a continual improvement in living standards, it becomes imperative to boost the productivity as well as the efficiency of agriculture, especially horticulture, which holds the potential for significant economic prosperity aligning with Sustainable Development Goal number 8, "Decent Work and Economic Growth". Modern technological interventions, such as geospatial technology and geographic information system (GIS) technology, can be harnessed to yield effective results in addressing challenges and providing enhanced decision support, particularly in the planning of horticultural resource management. Cultivation and production of fresh produce face several cha...
Soil Constraints on Crop Production
Globally, over two thirds of soils are affected by physical, chemical, or biological soil constraints. These constraints cause significant yield loss, and, as such, identifying appropriate management strategies is crucial to ensure future world food production. In order to help agricultural researchers and practitioners better understand soil constraint management, this book comprehensively outlines the occurrence of the major soil constraints and the most appropriate strategies to manage these for sustainable food production. Importantly, it brings together experts from major agricultural regions globally to highlight approaches with the most success in different environmental and socioeconomic regions worldwide.
Physiological and Anatomical Implications of Salinity on Rice as a Semi-Aquatic Species
Rice is a well-established salt-sensitive cereal crop and is the second most widely grown and consumed food crop worldwide. It is also a semi-aquatic cereal crop. The rice plant has many adaptations for surviving the aquatic environment, which include the development of specialised roots called adventitious roots, increase in aerenchymal area, increase in the number of roots, reduction of laterals, stunted growth, thickening of the apoplastic barrier in the roots and induction of the ‘radial oxygen loss (ROL) barrier’. How these adaptations respond to salinity is a question that has been least explored, and is addressed in this book. A number of interesting findings on the response of the plant to salinity under stagnant deoxygenated conditions (waterlogged conditions for performing laboratory level studies were established using hydroponics) were compared to the normal way of growing rice plants using hydroponics (fully aerated solutions). The purpose of this study is to give a precise representation of the response of rice plants to salt stress under its natural environment.
Plant-Based Nanoparticle Synthesis for Sustainable Agriculture
The use of nanotechnology in agriculture has created many concerns related to toxicity and environmental implications. Green synthesis techniques for producing nanomaterials utilizing plants, microorganisms, and other natural resources have been developed in response to the demand for green chemistry and nanotechnology. This book provides in-depth information on the plant-based synthesis of nanoparticles and how it promotes sustainable agriculture. It critically reviews nanomaterials synthesized from plants and their potential applications, including nanoscale insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers, and sensors, which can help to study and manage plant health and soil fertility. T...
The Biology of Aquatic and Wetland Plants
Aquatic plants play a critically important role in maintaining ecosystem health. They are natural biological filters in freshwater and estuarine wetlands; they contribute to the reproductive success of many organisms, some of which are harvested for food; they assist in flood control; and they are prominent elements in the aesthetics and recreational use of freshwater and estuarine habitats. Despite this globally recognized importance, wetlands have faced and continue to face threats from the encroachment of human activities. The Biology of Aquatic and Wetland Plants is a thorough and up-to-date textbook devoted to these plants and their interactions with the environment. The focus is on bot...
