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Algebraic Number Theory
This undergraduate textbook provides an approachable and thorough introduction to the topic of algebraic number theory, taking the reader from unique factorisation in the integers through to the modern-day number field sieve. The first few chapters consider the importance of arithmetic in fields larger than the rational numbers. Whilst some results generalise well, the unique factorisation of the integers in these more general number fields often fail. Algebraic number theory aims to overcome this problem. Most examples are taken from quadratic fields, for which calculations are easy to perform. The middle section considers more general theory and results for number fields, and the book concludes with some topics which are more likely to be suitable for advanced students, namely, the analytic class number formula and the number field sieve. This is the first time that the number field sieve has been considered in a textbook at this level.
Tangram
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Hearings
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National Ownership and Security Sector Reform in Mali
Karoline Eickhoff provides an in-depth analysis of the role that national ownership as a key policy principle of international development and peacebuilding plays in shaping the discourses and practices of external interventions in the context of the peace process in Mali. Engaging critically with the day-to-day work experience and perceptions of practitioners working on supporting the reform of the Malian security sector in 2015-2016,the author explores how external actors ‘make sense’ of an abstract policy model vis-à-vis other organisational demands and constraints arising at the field level. This book concludes with policy recommendations on how the gap between ownership policy and external actors’ field-level practices can be addressed.
Just and Unjust Military Intervention
Classical arguments about the legitimate use of force have profoundly shaped the norms and institutions of contemporary international society. But what specific lessons can we learn from the classical European philosophers and jurists when thinking about humanitarian intervention, preventive self-defense or international trusteeship today? The contributors to this volume take seriously the admonition of contextualist scholars not to uproot classical thinkers' arguments from their social, political and intellectual environment. Nevertheless, this collection demonstrates that contemporary students, scholars and policymakers can still learn a great deal from the questions raised by classical European thinkers, the problems they highlighted, and even the problematic character of some of the solutions they offered. The aim of this volume is to open up current assumptions about military intervention, and to explore the possibility of reconceptualizing and reappraising contemporary approaches.
A Critical Theory of Global Justice
This book offers the first systematic treatment of the idea of a critical theory of world society. Malte Frøslee Ibsen develops a reconstruction of the Frankfurt School tradition as four paradigms of critical theory, in original interpretations of the work of notable theorists.
Arithmetic and Geometry
The world's leading authorities describe the state of the art in Serre's conjecture and rational points on algebraic varieties.
Returning Islamist Foreign Fighters
This book examines the challenges foreign fighter returnees from Syria and Iraq pose to Western countries. A number of returnees have demonstrated that they are willing to use violence against their home countries, and some have already staged terrorist attacks on Western soil on apparent orders from ISIS. Through the historical context of previous waves of mobilizations of Islamist foreign fighters, the author tracks the experiences of returnees from previous conflicts and discusses the major security challenges associated with them. The book analyzes the major approaches implemented by Western countries in response to foreign fighter returnees, discusses the prosecution of returnees, and evaluates the corresponding challenges of prison radicalization.
Global Norms and Local Courts
This book examines the interaction between global norms and local contexts, from global norms about 'the rule of law' from the desks of development experts in Brussels to villages in rural Bangladesh, and what happens to 'the rule of law'.
