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Planning is defined as formulating an organized method for action in advance. Although people do not plan all the time and planning does not occur in every situation, planning skill is central to all human behavior. There are developmental differences in planning skill and in the motivation to plan. Even among adults, variations in the engagement in the planning process are affected by individual attitudes, beliefs, and goals. Planning also has a different meaning at various junctures in one's life. Yet despite the amount of research on planning, many of the studies have focused only on the cognitive processes that enable mature individuals to plan. A continued exploration of the developmental course of planning, this text attempts to situate cognitive aspects of planning in the context of the social and cultural environment and other psychological processes. Bringing together the contributions of developmental, organizational, and social psychologists, it explains how, when, and why we plan. Finally, it addresses various issues that pertain to the different aspects of planning, from formal problem solving to handling the demands of everyday life.
This up-to-date handbook focuses on the study of action, or"motor control,"which examines movement and skill and the internal processes that lead to them. As action is interrelated with cognition, this is a vigorous field of investigation.Written by international experts, Motor Skills provides current reviews on general processes important to motor control--learning, coordination, timing, planning, and control--and on the individual skills of throwing, catching, reaching, and typing.The text describes important conceptual and methodological advances regarding control theory and timing, and is divided into two sections which analyze skill from the perspectives of general processes and individual skills.
This edited book addresses four themes of contemporary importance in the experimental and applied analysis of behaviour: chronobiology (relationships between time and behaviour), the emergence of rational thinking, language, and behavioural medicine. The current empirical and theoretical status of each theme is considered in individual chapters, the authors of which are distinguished research scientists drawn from a wide range of scholarship and with a distinctive European dimension. This cultural and theoretical diversity emerges from the fact that each chapter is developed from a paper originally presented by invitation at the Second European Meeting on the Experimental Analysis of Behavio...
The essential reference for human development theory, updated and reconceptualized The Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, a four-volume reference, is the field-defining work to which all others are compared. First published in 1946, and now in its Seventh Edition, the Handbook has long been considered the definitive guide to the field of developmental science. Volume 2: Cognitive Processes describes cognitive development as a relational phenomenon that can be studied only as part of a larger whole of the person and context relational system that sustains it. In this volume, specific domains of cognitive development are contextualized with respect to biological processes ...
What are the fundamental mechanisms of decision making, processing speed, memory and cognitive control? How do these give rise to individual differences, and how do they change as people age? How are these mechanisms implemented in neural unctions, in particular the functions of the frontal lobe? How do they relate to the demands of everyday, 'real life' behaviour? Over almost five decades, Pat Rabbitt has been among the most distinguished of British cognitive psychologists. His work has been widely influential in theories of mental speed, cognitive control and aging, influencing research in experimental psychology, neuropsychology and individual differences. This volume, dedicated to Pat Rabbitt, brings together a distinguished group of 16 contributors actively pursuing research in the fields of speed, memory, and control, and the application of these fields to individual differences and aging. With the latest work from senior figures in the field, and a focus on fundamental topics in both teaching and research, the book will be valuable to students and scientists in experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience.
This book covers a broad range of current research topics in category development. Its aim is to understand the perceptual and cognitive mechanisms that underlie category formation and how they change in developmental time. The chapters in this book are
Criminological theory dating back one hundred years has been aware of the need to develop a neurobiology of extroversion, impulsivity, frontal-lobe dysfunction, and aggressive behavior, yet in the twentieth century criminologists have largely forsaken this psychobiological legacy. The Neurobiology of Criminal Behavior looks at this legacy with reference to a variety of neurobiological methodologies currently in vogue. The authors are all distinguished researchers who have contributed considerably to their respective fields of psychiatry, psychology, psychobiology, and neuroscience.
That time is both a dimension of behaviour and a ubiquitous controlling variable in the lives of all living things has been well recognized for many years. The last decade has seen a burgeoning of interest in the quantitative analysis of timing behaviour, and progress during the last five or six years has been particularly impressive, with the publication of several major new theoretical contributions. There has also been considerable progress in behavioural methodology during the past decade. In the area of reinforcement schedules, for example, the venerable interresponse–time schedule, fixed–interval peak procedure and interval bisection task have been complemented by a 'second generat...
Brings together cutting edge experiments and theoretical treatments regarding space, time and motion in visual neuroscience and psychophysics.
What altered states of consciousness—the dissolution of feelings of time and self—can tell us about the mystery of consciousness. During extraordinary moments of consciousness—shock, meditative states and sudden mystical revelations, out-of-body experiences, or drug intoxication—our senses of time and self are altered; we may even feel time and self dissolving. These experiences have long been ignored by mainstream science, or considered crazy fantasies. Recent research, however, has located the neural underpinnings of these altered states of mind. In this book, neuropsychologist Marc Wittmann shows how experiences that disturb or widen our everyday understanding of the self can help...