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Abstract: An instructional text for teachers focuses on the effective use of media in teaching and on the unique characteristics of individual learners. The text is intended for use in conjunction with carefully planned classroom and laboratory activities. Topics include the systematic approach to teaching and its application; the learning process and the teacher's role; school learning objectives; instruction evaluation; teaching cognitive, affective, and motor skills objectives; teaching strategies; the role of instructional media; media selection; the uses of various media types; and characteristics of the instruction management model. A brief listing of audiovisual materials and resources is appended. Instructional component objectives and numerous exercises are given throughout the text. (wz).
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The concept of algorithm, as used in teaching and learning, is defined. Characteristics of algorithms are identified and described. The elements (operator, discriminator, syntactic structure) are described and illustrated. Methods of representing algorithms are portrayed. Differences between identification algorithms, transformation algorithms, and search algorithms are discussed. Use of algorithms in instruction and training are suggested. Several research and development tasks are proposed. (Author).
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Contents: Teacher Education-Models of Teaching, Science Education-Inquiry Training Model, Review of Related Literature, Research Procedure, Data Analysis and Interpretation, Summary Suggestions for Further Study and Recommendations.
The opening section of this paper discusses these issues and attempts to define what algorithmic prescriptions have to offer for the instructor. Next, the question of effectiveness and efficiency is examined in two experiments. The first study provides preliminary data regarding the form of algorithm and the presentation modes to be used. The second study asks 77 undergraduate volunteers to master and utilize one of three forms of an algorithm: a prose discourse, a flowchart procedure, or a mastery-inducing flowchart technique. Also examined in a factorial design was the effect of the presence or absence of the algorithm in subsequent problem solving and the learners' ability to retain the a...