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The realignment of the Chinese social order that took place over the course of the Sung dynasty set the pattern for Chinese society throughout most of the later imperial era. This study examines that realignment from the perspective of specific Sung families, using data on two groups of Sung elites--the grand councilors who led the bureaucracy and locally prominent gentlemen in Wu-chou (in modern Chekiang). By analyzing kinship relationships, Beverly Bossler demonstrates the importance of family relations to the establishment and perpetuation of social status locally and in the capital. She shows how social position was measured and acted upon, how status shaped personal relationships (and vice versa), and how both status and personal relationships conditioned—and were conditioned by—political success. Finally, in a contribution to the ongoing discussion of localism in the Sung, Bossler details the varied networks that connected the local elite to the capital and elsewhere.
Due to the recent discovery of the room-temperature visible light emission from porous silicon (P-Si), a great interest in P-Si and related materials has arisen in the last decade of the 20th century. Crystalline (c-) Si, at the heart of integrated circuits, has an indirect band gap of 1.1 eV, which limits its application in optoelectronics. The visible light emitting P-Si may open a new field combining Si integrated technology and optoelectronics. This book is a comprehensive review of the recent research and development of porous silicon. Strong visible photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) from P-Si and other forms of silicon nanocrystallites (nc-Si) are reviewed. Several proposed mechanisms for the PL from porous silicon such as quantum confinement, amorphicity and molecular PL are studied. The following issues are covered: mechanisms for the visible light emission, physical structures, studies of the PL and EL, correlation of structure and optical studies, surface physics and chemistry, relationships among various forms (P-Si, a-Si, µc-Si), device applications, future developments.
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Fuzzy systems and data mining are now an essential part of information technology and data management, with applications affecting every imaginable aspect of our daily lives. This book contains 81 selected papers from those accepted and presented at the 2nd international conference on Fuzzy Systems and Data Mining (FSDM2016), held in Macau, China, in December 2016. This annual conference focuses on 4 main groups of topics: fuzzy theory, algorithm and system; fuzzy applications; the interdisciplinary field of fuzzy logic and data mining; and data mining, and the event provided a forum where more than 100 qualified, high-level researchers and experts from over 20 countries, including 4 keynote speakers, gathered to create an important platform for researchers and engineers worldwide to engage in academic communication. All the papers collected here present original ideas, methods and results of general significance supported by clear reasoning and compelling evidence, and as such the book represents a valuable and wide ranging reference resource of interest to all those whose work involves fuzzy systems and data mining.
"From Tea to Coffee is a wonderful exploration of history and a life that has extended across half a century and two continents. For those who believe that East and West can never meet or can only stand in opposition to each other, this memoir offers a beautiful counterpoint." -Bennett R. Coles, award-winning author of six published books including Dark Star Rising "Cheng Wang's transformative evolution from young Communist ideologue to astute western observer is a must-read cultural travelogue." -Don Vaughan, founder, Triangle Association of Freelancers, North Carolina Following Mao's call to the young during the Cultural Revolution, Cheng Wang, a so-called "Educated Youth," boarded a train...
In his last essay just weeks before his death at the age of 91, David S. Nivison says, "Breaking into a formal system - such as a chronology - must be like breaking into a code. If you are successful, success will show right off." Since the late 1970's Nivison has focused his scholarship on breaking the code of Three Dynasties (Xia, Shang, Zhou) chronology by establishing an innovative methodology based on mourning periods, astronomical phenomenon, and numerical manipulations derived from them. Nivison is most readily known in the field for revising (and then revising again) the date of the Zhou conquest of Shang, and for his theory that Western Zhou kings employed two calendars (His so-call...
2010 First International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering was held in Wuhan, China, December 4-5. Future Intelligent Information Systems book contains eighty-five revised and extended research articles written by prominent researchers participating in the conference. Topics covered include Tools and Methods of AI, Knowledge Discovery, Information Management and knowledge sharing, intelligent e-Technology, Information systems governance, and Informatics in Control. Intelligent Information System will offer the state of art of tremendous advances in Intelligent Information System and also serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working with/on Intelligent Information System.
This two-volume set (CCIS 134 and CCIS 135) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Information Science, ICICIS2011, held in Chongqing, China, in January 2011. The 226 revised full papers presented in both volumes, CCIS 134 and CCIS 135, were carefully reviewed and selected from over 600 initial submissions. The papers provide the reader with a broad overview of the latest advances in the field of intelligent computing and information science.
The theme of this book is Knowledge and Media in Learning Systems, and papers that explore the emerging roles of intelligent multimedia and distributed technologies as well as computer supported collaboration within that theme are included. The spread of topics is very wide encompassing both well- established areas such as student modelling as well as more novel topics such as distributed intelligent tutoring on the World Wide Web. Far from undermining the need to understand how learning and teaching interact, the newer media continue to emphasise the interdependence of these two processes. Collaboration and tools for collaboration are the major topics of interest. Understanding how human learners collaborate, how peer tutoring works and how the computer can play a useful role as either a more able of even a less able learning partner are all explored here.