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Static and Dynamic High Pressure Mineral Physics
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 421

Static and Dynamic High Pressure Mineral Physics

High pressure mineral physics is a field that has shaped our understanding of deep planetary interiors and revealed new material phenomena occurring at extreme conditions. Comprised of sixteen chapters written by well-established experts, this book covers recent advances in static and dynamic compression techniques and enhanced diagnostic capabilities, including synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction, spectroscopic measurements, in situ X-ray diffraction under dynamic loading, and multigrain crystallography at megabar pressures. Applications range from measuring equations of state, elasticity, and deformation of materials at high pressure, to high pressure synthesis, thermochemistry of high pressure phases, and new molecular compounds and superconductivity under extreme conditions. This book also introduces experimental geochemistry in the laser-heated diamond-anvil cell enabled by the focused ion beam technique for sample recovery and quantitative chemical analysis at submicron scale. Each chapter ends with an insightful perspective of future directions, making it an invaluable source for graduate students and researchers.

Coastal Ecosystems in Transition
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 256

Coastal Ecosystems in Transition

Explores how two coastal ecosystems are responding to the pressures of human expansion The Northern Adriatic Sea, a continental shelf ecosystem in the Northeast Mediterranean Sea, and the Chesapeake Bay, a major estuary of the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States, are semi-enclosed, river-dominated ecosystems with urbanized watersheds that support extensive industrial agriculture. Coastal Ecosystems in Transition: A Comparative Analysis of the Northern Adriatic and Chesapeake Bay presents an update of a study published two decades ago. Revisiting these two ecosystems provides an opportunity to assess changing anthropogenic pressures in the context of global climate change. The new insight...

Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 288

Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation

Explores soil as a nexus for water, chemicals, and biologically coupled nutrient cycling Soil is a narrow but critically important zone on Earth's surface. It is the interface for water and carbon recycling from above and part of the cycling of sediment and rock from below. Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation places chemical weathering and soil formation in its geological, climatological, biological and hydrological perspective. Volume highlights include: The evolution of soils over 3.25 billion years Basic processes contributing to soil formation How chemical weathering and soil formation relate to water and energy fluxes The role of pedogenesis in geomorphology Relationships between climate soils and biota Soils, aeolian deposits, and crusts as geologic dating tools Impacts of land-use change on soils The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the Editors

Post-Perovskite
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 478

Post-Perovskite

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 174. Discovery of the perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO3, expected to occur for deep mantle conditions, was first announced in April 2004. This immediately stimulated numerous studies in experimental and theoretical mineral physics, seismology, and geodynamics evaluating the implications of a major lower mantle phase change. A resulting revolution in our understanding of the D′′ region in the lowermost mantle is well underway. This monograph presents the multidisciplinary advances to date ensuing from interpreting deep mantle seismological structures and dynamical processes in the context of the experimentally and theoretically determined properties of the post-perovskite phase change; the last silicate phase change likely to occur with increasing pressure in lowermost mantle rocks.

Space Physics and Aeronomy, Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 47

Space Physics and Aeronomy, Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications

A comprehensive review of global ionospheric research from the polar caps to equatorial regions It's more than a century since scientists first identified the ionosphere, the layer of the Earth’s upper atmosphere that is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation. Our understanding of this dynamic part of the near-Earth space environment has greatly advanced in recent years thanks to new observational technologies, improved numerical models, and powerful computing capabilities. Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of historic developments, recent advances, and future directions in ionospheric research. Volume highlights include: Behavior of the ionosphere in di...

Points of Contact
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 298

Points of Contact

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2020-06-18
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  • Publisher: Orbis Books

"A Catholic scientist offers a proposal for reconciling the historically evolving divide between science and religion"--

Helicities in Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Beyond
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 275

Helicities in Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Beyond

Helicities in Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Beyond Helicities play essential roles in numerous geophysical, astrophysical, and magnetohydrodynamic phenomena, thus are studied from various disciplinary viewpoints. Helicities in Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Beyond draws together experts from different research fields to present an interdisciplinary and integrated approach to helicity studies. This synthesis advances understanding of the fundamental physical processes underlying various helicity-related phenomena. Volume highlights include: Concise introduction to fundamental properties of helicities Recent developments and achievements in helicity studies Perspectives from different fields in...

Carbon in Earth's Interior
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 384

Carbon in Earth's Interior

This book is Open Access. A digital copy can be downloaded for free from Wiley Online Library. Explores the behavior of carbon in minerals, melts, and fluids under extreme conditions Carbon trapped in diamonds and carbonate-bearing rocks in subduction zones are examples of the continuing exchange of substantial carbon between Earth’s surface and its interior. However, there is still much to learn about the forms, transformations, and movements of carbon deep inside the Earth. Carbon in Earth's Interior presents recent research on the physical and chemical behavior of carbon-bearing materials and serves as a reference point for future carbon science research. Volume highlights include: Data...

The Nature of Life and Its Potential to Survive
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 466

The Nature of Life and Its Potential to Survive

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2017-05-25
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  • Publisher: Springer

This book looks at the persistence of life and how difficult it would be to annihilate life, especially a species as successful as humanity. The idea that life in general is fragile is challenged by the hardiness of microbes, which shows that astrobiology on exoplanets and other satellites must be robust and plentiful. Microbes have adapted to virtually every niche on the planet, from the deep, hot biosphere, to the frigid heights of the upper troposphere. Life, it seems, is almost indestructible. The chapters in this work examine the various scenarios that might lead to the extermination of life, and why they will almost always fail. Life's highly adaptive nature ensures that it will cling on no matter how difficult the circumstances. Scientists are increasingly probing and questioning life's true limits in, on and above the Earth, and how these limits could be pushed elsewhere in the universe. This investigation puts life in its true astronomical context, with the reader taken on a journey to illustrate life's potential and perseverance.

Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 483

Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models

Improving weather and climate prediction with better representation of fast processes in atmospheric models Many atmospheric processes that influence Earth’s weather and climate occur at spatiotemporal scales that are too small to be resolved in large scale models. They must be parameterized, which means approximately representing them by variables that can be resolved by model grids. Fast Processes in Large Scale Atmospheric Models: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities explores ways to better investigate and represent multiple parameterized processes in models and thus improve their ability to make accurate climate and weather predictions. Volume highlights include: Historical developme...