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Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), known as prion diseases, have been recognized for nearly 300 years in animals and almost 100 years in humans. Modern studies, including the protein-misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), have greatly advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of prion diseases and facilitated the identification of new prion diseases in animals and humans. In the second edition of Prions and Diseases, more than 60 leading researchers and clinicians worldwide provide an up-to-date discussion of these unique infectious pathogens and their associated diseases. The book provides up-to-date knowledge about the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, histopathological, and clinical aspects of the full range of animal and human prion diseases. As a result, the book contains by far the most authoritative views about the past, present, and future of prions and prion diseases. The new second edition covers such important emerging topics such as inherited human prion disease, stem-cell models in prion research, human prion disease surveillance, and gene therapy strategies.
It is a real pleasure to introduce the excellent papers contributed by leading experts to our Research Topic proposing various network models of dementia spread. The focus is strongly on disease-specific mathematical modeling rather than general graph theory. The emerging field of network neuroscience visualizes the brain as a graph consisting of nodes representing regions and edges as connections between them. This complex network supports efficient communication along neural projections, but also, unfortunately, the transmission and progression of Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative disorders. If we could know the brain’s network organization, could we then predict how degenerative processes might develop on this network? As these papers demonstrate, the answer is, increasingly, yes.
Most textbooks on neurodegenerative disorders have used a classification scheme based upon either clinical syndromes or anatomical distribution of the pathology. In contrast, this book looks to the future and uses a classification based upon molecular mechanisms, rather than clinical or anatomical boundaries. Major advances in molecular genetics and the application of biochemical and immunocytochemical techniques to neurodegenerative disorders have generated this new approach. Throughout most of the current volume, diseases are clustered according to the proteins that accumulate within cells (e.g. tau, α-synuclein and TDP-43) and in the extracellular compartments (e.g. β-amyloid and prion ...
The rapid identification and characterization of genes of neurological relevance holds great potential for offering insight into the diagnosis, management, and und- standing of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of neurological diseases. This volume in the Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series was conceived to highlight many of the contemporary methodological approaches utilized for the characterization of neu- logically relevant gene mutations and their protein products. Although an emphasis has been placed upon descriptions of methodologies with a defined clinical utility, it is hoped that Neurogenetics: Methods and Protocols will appeal not only to clinical laboratory diagnosticians, but als...
Given the success of Volume I of this Research Topic, we are pleased to announce the launch of Volume II: “The Alzheimer's Disease Challenge”. The repeated failure of clinical trials on the amyloid-based medications and the pessimistic calculations of Alzheimer's disease cost burden for the next few decades present a severe challenge to humankind with severe social implications. In recent years, several alternative diagnostic and treatment procedures have been presented to treat and manage Alzheimer’s disease as it has been nearly impossible to suggest a holistic solution. Several revelations in human biology have highlighted the multiparametric character of the disease. Besides the amyloid aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles that result in Aβ toxicity and tau phosphorylation, processes such as Gene Mutations, Proteins Misfolding, Brain Biochemical and Histopathological Changes, Behavioral Changes, Nutrition and Metabolism Alterations, and Autonomic Dysfunctions due to Central Nervous System dysregulations are common signs and probably early diagnostic biomarkers in most of the Alzheimer's classification categories.
Mathematics and Statistics for the Quantitative Sciences was born from a radical reimagining of first-year mathematics. While calculus is often seen as the foundational mathematics required for any scientist, this often leads to mathematics being seen as some, ultimately useless, hoop that needs to be jumped through in order to do what someone really wants to do. This sentiment is everywhere at every level of education. It even shows up in how people stereotype mathematics courses. What this book aims to do, therefore, is serve as a foundational text in everyday mathematics in a way that is both engaging and practically useful. The book seeks to teach the mathematics needed to start to answe...