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Biology and Control of the Western Pine Beetle
This publication reviews the results of research on the western pine beetle up to July 1, 1952. It shows the progress that has been made in over a half-century of study of this one bark beetle. It also records the trials and errors--the research that ran into blind alleys. The record of this pioneer effort in the field of forest entomology in the United States should be of great help to research workers who are faced with similar problems.
Direct Control of Western Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus Brevicomis LeConte)
Nearly 70 years of research and application are reviewed and assessed. Results of direct control projects can be characterized as generally effective, temporary, quite variable, and unpredictable in reducing subsequent tree mortality. Some causes of this characterization are variable and difficult stand conditions and logistics, lack of good beetle population measurements and prediction, unknown attributes of tree and stand dynamics and of beetle population dynamics, and unforeseen post-application factors. The control method used did not appreciably change this characterization: fell-peel-bum, salvage logging, penetrating oil, residual toxic sprays, or attractive pheromones. Use of attractive pheromones was never thoroughly analyzed, and use of baited toxic trap trees was never adequately tested; both should be done.
Biology and Control of the Western Pine Beetle
Excerpt from Biology and Control of the Western Pine Beetle: A Summary of the First Fifty Years of Research This beetle undoubtedly was a factor in the ecology of ponderosa pine stands long before it became known to science. Pine stands that approached maturity were thinned by beetle epidemics, and new trees grew up to replace those that were killed. But, as long as Indians used the forest only for hunting grounds and the first white men were interested only in trapping and livestock ranching, no one cared what happened to the trees. The beetle was of no economic importance until the advent of the lumber industry. Then, as the realization developed that the supply of virgin pine stumpage was...
Empire of the Beetle
Beginning in the late 1980s, a series of improbable bark beetle outbreaks unsettled iconic forests and communities across western North America. An insect the size of a rice kernel eventually killed more than 30 billion pine and spruce trees from Alaska to New Mexico. Often appearing in masses larger than schools of killer whales, the beetles engineered one of the world's greatest forest die-offs since the deforestation of Europe by peasants between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. The beetle didn't act alone. Misguided science, out-of-control logging, bad public policy, and a hundred years of fire suppression created a volatile geography that released the world's oldest forest manager...
