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Charlemagnes Defeat in the Pyrenees Hb
The Battle of Rencesvals is the one of the most dramatic historical event of the entire eighth century, not only in Vasconia but in Western Europe. This monograph examines the battle as more than a single military encounter, but instead as part of a complex military and political conquest that began after the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 and culminated with the creation of the Kingdom of Pamplona in 824. The battle had major (and largely underappreciated) consequences for the internal structure of the Carolingian Empire. It also enjoyed a remarkable legacy as the topic of one of the oldest European epic poems, La Chanson de Roland. The events that took place in the Pyrenean pass of Rencesvals (Errozabal) on 15 August 778 defined the development of the Carolingian world, and lie at the heart of the early medieval contribution to the later medieval period.
The Bombing of Gernika
The episode of Guernica, with all that it represents both in the military and the moral order, seems destined to pass into History as a symbol. A symbol of many things, but chiefly of that capacity for falsehood possessed by the new Machiavellism which threatens destruction to all the ethical hypotheses of civilization. A clear example of the use which can be made of untruth to degrade the minds of those whom one wishes to convince.(Foreign Wings over the Basque Country, 1937)Just after 4 p.m. aeroplanes threw nine bombs in the centre of the town. We were looking after the wounded when more aeroplanes appeared, which began to drop all kinds of bombs, incendiary and explosive. The wild beasts...
Gernika
"On April 26, 1937, a weekly market day, nearly sixty bombers and fighters attacked Gernika. They dropped between 31 and 46 tons of explosive and incendiary bombs on the city center. The desolation was absolute: 85 percent of the buildings in the town were totally destroyed; more than 2,000 people died in an urban area of less than one square kilometer. Lying is inherent to crime. The bombing of Gernika is associated to one of the most outstanding lies of twentieth-century history. Just hours after the destruction of the Basque town, General Franco ordered to attribute authorship of the atrocity to the 'Reds' and that remained the official truth until his death in 1975. Today no one denies t...
Pro-Independence Movements in the Basque Country and Catalunya
Catalunya and the Basque Country are European stateless nations desiring liberation. This book gives response to the question: If people live well, why do they seek independence?
Gernika, 1937
On April 26, 1937, a massive aerial attack by German and Italian forces reduced the Basque city of Gernika to rubble and left more than sixteen hundred people dead. Although the assault was initiated as part of a terror bombing campaign by Francoists against Basque Republican forces during the Spanish Civil War, its main intent was to test the effectiveness of the rising German Luftwaffe’s new equipment and strategies. To produce this detailed analysis of the political and military background of the attack and its subsequent international impact, Xabier Irujo examined archives and official government documents in several countries and conducted numerous interviews with Basques who survived...
Giving Birth to Cosmopolis
The present book analyses the design and building of the city of Estella in the 11th century Western Europe. The Code of Laws of Estella, according to which life in the newly created city was organized, is one of the oldest preserved legal documents of the Kingdom of Pamplona and was the reference for an important family of municipal charters in the kingdom and neighboring territories in the Middle Ages. It played an important role in the formation of several codes of law and drove the development of the civil and commercial law of the Navarrese state. Due to its exceptionally varied and extensive legal content it is also one of the most relevant legal documents of the eleventh and twelfth c...
LGBTQI+ in the Basque Country
Homosexuality has historically been considered an aberration by most religions and a nefandum activity typified as a crime of sodomy in most countries of the world. Homosexuality was persecuted and punished in various ways and continues to be so in too many places around the world. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union establishes in article 21 that all discrimination shall be prohibited, included that based on sexual orientation, but the declaration does not mention the right to freely hold the person's own gender identity. We are certainly still far from living in a world in which the basic rights of humanity are fully respected. This book, fruit of the collaboration of the Center for Basque Studies of the University of Nevada and the Master in Feminist and Gender Studies of the University of the Basque Country, constitutes the first monograph written in English on this subject in relation to the Basque case. It tries to give response to the existing void around the issues of historical, legal and political, but also social and cultural reality, problems and challenges of the LGBT+ collective in the Basque Country
The Tree of Gernika
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Nazi Juggernaut in the Basque Country and Catalonia
The history of the conflict in the Basque Country and Catalonia around the time of WWII.
On Basque Politics
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