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Entropy
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 376

Entropy

The concept of entropy arose in the physical sciences during the nineteenth century, particularly in thermodynamics and statistical physics, as a measure of the equilibria and evolution of thermodynamic systems. Two main views developed: the macroscopic view formulated originally by Carnot, Clausius, Gibbs, Planck, and Caratheodory and the microscopic approach associated with Boltzmann and Maxwell. Since then both approaches have made possible deep insights into the nature and behavior of thermodynamic and other microscopically unpredictable processes. However, the mathematical tools used have later developed independently of their original physical background and have led to a plethora of m...

Continuum Mechanics and Applications in Geophysics and the Environment
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 402

Continuum Mechanics and Applications in Geophysics and the Environment

The topics covered include soil mechanics and porous media, glacier and ice dynamics, climatology and lake physics, climate change as well as numerical algorithms. The book, written by well-known experts, addresses researchers and students interested in physical aspects of our environment.

Advances in Cold-Region Thermal Engineering and Sciences
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 642

Advances in Cold-Region Thermal Engineering and Sciences

This book consists of peer-reviewed articles and reviews presented as lectures at the Sixth International Symposium on Thermal Engineering and Sciences for Cold Regions in Darmstadt, Germany. It addresses all relevant aspects of thermal physics and engineering in cold regions, such as the Arctic regions. These environments present many unique freezing and melting phenomena and the relevant heat and mass transfer processes are of basic importance with respect to both the technological applications and the natural context in which they occur. Intended for physicists, engineers, geoscientists, climatologists and cryologists alike, these proceedings cover topics such as: ice formation and decay, heat conduction with phase change, convection with freezing and melting, thermal properties at low temperature, frost heave and permafrost, climate impact in cold regions, thermal design of structures, bio-engineering in cold regions, and many more.

Fluid and Thermodynamics
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 633

Fluid and Thermodynamics

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2016-07-18
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  • Publisher: Springer

In this book fluid mechanics and thermodynamics (F&T) are approached as interwoven, not disjoint fields. The book starts by analyzing the creeping motion around spheres at rest: Stokes flows, the Oseen correction and the Lagerstrom-Kaplun expansion theories are presented, as is the homotopy analysis. 3D creeping flows and rapid granular avalanches are treated in the context of the shallow flow approximation, and it is demonstrated that uniqueness and stability deliver a natural transition to turbulence modeling at the zero, first order closure level. The difference-quotient turbulence model (DQTM) closure scheme reveals the importance of the turbulent closure schemes’ non-locality effects. Thermodynamics is presented in the form of the first and second laws, and irreversibility is expressed in terms of an entropy balance. Explicit expressions for constitutive postulates are in conformity with the dissipation inequality. Gas dynamics offer a first application of combined F&T. The book is rounded out by a chapter on dimensional analysis, similitude, and physical experiments.

Physics of Lakes
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 709

Physics of Lakes

The overwhelming focus of this 2nd volume of “Physics of Lakes” is adequately expressed by its subtitle “Lakes as Oscillators”. It deals with barotropic and baroclinic waves in homogeneous and stratified lakes on the rotating Earth and comprises 12 chapters, starting with rotating shallow-water waves, demonstrating their classification into gravity and Rossby waves for homogeneous and stratified water bodies. This leads to gravity waves in bounded domains of constant depth, Kelvin, Poincaré and Sverdrup waves, reflection of such waves in gulfs and rectangles and their description in sealed basins as barotropic ‘inertial waves proper’. The particular application to gravity waves ...

IUTAM Symposium on Physicochemical and Electromechanical, Interactions in Porous Media
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 373

IUTAM Symposium on Physicochemical and Electromechanical, Interactions in Porous Media

In the last decades, new experimental and numerical techniques have taken many advanced features of porous media mechanics down to practical engineering applications. This happened in areas that sometimes were not even suspected to be open to engineering ideas at all. The challenge that often faces engineers in the field of geomechanics, biomechanics, rheology and materials science is the translation of ideas existing in one field to solutions in the other. The purpose of the IUTAM symposium from which this proceedings volume has been compiled was to dive deep into the mechanics of those porous media that involve mechanics and chemistry, mechanics and electromagnetism, mechanics and thermal fluctuations of mechanics and biology. The different sections have purposely not been formed according to field interest, but on the basis of the physics involved.

MDATA: A New Knowledge Representation Model
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 255

MDATA: A New Knowledge Representation Model

Knowledge representation is an important task in understanding how humans think and learn. Although many representation models or cognitive models have been proposed, such as expert systems or knowledge graphs, they cannot represent procedural knowledge, i.e., dynamic knowledge, in an efficient way. This book introduces a new knowledge representation model called MDATA (Multi-dimensional Data Association and inTelligent Analysis). By modifying the representation of entities and relations in knowledge graphs, dynamic knowledge can be efficiently described with temporal and spatial characteristics. The MDATA model can be regarded as a high-level temporal and spatial knowledge graph model, whic...

Proceedings of the First Symposium on Aviation Maintenance and Management-Volume I
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 635

Proceedings of the First Symposium on Aviation Maintenance and Management-Volume I

Proceedings of the First Symposium on Aviation Maintenance and Management collects selected papers from the conference of ISAMM 2013 in China held in Xi’an on November 25-28, 2013. The book presents state-of-the-art studies on the aviation maintenance, test, fault diagnosis, and prognosis for the aircraft electronic and electrical systems. The selected works can help promote the development of the maintenance and test technology for the aircraft complex systems. Researchers and engineers in the fields of electrical engineering and aerospace engineering can benefit from the book. Jinsong Wang is a professor at School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering of Northwestern Polytechnical University, China.

The 37th Annual Conference on Power System and Automation in Chinese Universities (CUS-EPSA)
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 1306

The 37th Annual Conference on Power System and Automation in Chinese Universities (CUS-EPSA)

​This book includes original, peer-reviewed research papers from the 37th Annual Conference of Power System and Automation in Chinese Universities (CUS-EPSA), held in Hangzhou, China on October 23-25, 2022. These papers cover topics as Evolution and development path of the power system, Resilience assessment, analysis and planning of power system, Power system planning and reliability, Modelling and simulation of novel power system, Power electronic for power system stability analysis, Power system relay protection and automation and so on. The papers included in this proceedings share the latest research results and practical application examples on the methodologies and algorithms in these areas, which makes the book a valuable reference for researchers, engineers, and university students.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Art Design and Digital Technology, ADDT 2022, 16-18 September 2022, Nanjing, China
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 451

Proceedings of the International Conference on Art Design and Digital Technology, ADDT 2022, 16-18 September 2022, Nanjing, China

The 2022 International Conference on Art Design and Digital Technology (ADDT 2022) was successfully held on September 16-18, 2022 in Nanjing, China (virtual conference). ADDT 2022 created a forum for idea sharing and research exchange, opened up new perspectives in related fields and broadened the horizons of all participants. In the conference, 150 individuals around the world took part in the conference. Divided into three parts, the conference agenda covered keynote speeches, oral presentations and online Q&A discussion. Firstly, the keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to address their speeches. Then in the oral presentations, the excellent papers we had selected were prese...