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Entropy
The concept of entropy arose in the physical sciences during the nineteenth century, particularly in thermodynamics and statistical physics, as a measure of the equilibria and evolution of thermodynamic systems. Two main views developed: the macroscopic view formulated originally by Carnot, Clausius, Gibbs, Planck, and Caratheodory and the microscopic approach associated with Boltzmann and Maxwell. Since then both approaches have made possible deep insights into the nature and behavior of thermodynamic and other microscopically unpredictable processes. However, the mathematical tools used have later developed independently of their original physical background and have led to a plethora of m...
MDATA: A New Knowledge Representation Model
Knowledge representation is an important task in understanding how humans think and learn. Although many representation models or cognitive models have been proposed, such as expert systems or knowledge graphs, they cannot represent procedural knowledge, i.e., dynamic knowledge, in an efficient way. This book introduces a new knowledge representation model called MDATA (Multi-dimensional Data Association and inTelligent Analysis). By modifying the representation of entities and relations in knowledge graphs, dynamic knowledge can be efficiently described with temporal and spatial characteristics. The MDATA model can be regarded as a high-level temporal and spatial knowledge graph model, whic...
Mechanical Engineering and Materials
This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of mechanical engineering, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 2020 International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Materials (ICMEM), held in Beijing, China on October 16-17, 2020. ICMEM covers all aspects of mechanical engineering and material sciences, such as computer-aided design, virtual design and design visualization, intelligent design, usability design, automobile structure, human-machine interface design, manufacturing engineering, aerospace engineering, automation and robotics, micro-machining, MEMS/ NEMS, composite materials, biomaterials, smart materials, superconducting materials, materials properties and applications, materials manufacturing, nanotechnology, nano-materials and nano-composites, etc. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.
Geomorphological Fluid Mechanics
Geomorphology deals with some of the most striking patterns of nature. From mountain ranges and mid-ocean ridges to river networks and sand dunes, there is a whole family of forms, structures, and shapes that demand rationalization as well as mathematical description. In the various chapters of this volume, many of these patterns are explored and discussed, and attempts are made to both unravel the reasons for their very existence and to describe their dynamics in quantitative terms. Particular focus is placed on lava and mud flows, ice and snow dynamics, river and coastal morphodynamics and landscape formation. Combining a pedagogical approach with up-to-date reviews of forefront research, this volume will serve both postgraduate students and lecturers in search of advanced textbook material, and experienced researchers wishing to get acquainted with the various physical and mathematical approaches in a range of closely related research fields.
Social Media Processing
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 6th National Conference of Social Media Processing, SMP 2017, held in Beijing, China, in September 2017. The 28 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 140 submissions. The papers address issues such as: knowledge discovery for data; natural language processing; text mining and sentiment analysis; social network analysis and social computing.
Multiphase Flow
The selected papers contained in this book present the latest research in one of the most challenging, yet most universally applicable areas of technology. Multiphase flows are found in all areas of technology and the range of related problems of interest is vast, including many areas of science and engineering. Recently multiphase fluid dynamics have generated a great deal of attention, leading to many notable advances in experimental, analytical and numerical studies. It is perhaps, however, work on numerical solutions which is the most noticeable owing to the continuing improvements in computer software tools. Progress in numerical methods has permitted the solution of many practical problems, helping to improve our understanding of the physics involved. The presented papers illustrate the close interaction between numerical modellers and researchers working to gradually resolve the many outstanding issues in our understanding of multiphase flow.
The 37th Annual Conference on Power System and Automation in Chinese Universities (CUS-EPSA)
This book includes original, peer-reviewed research papers from the 37th Annual Conference of Power System and Automation in Chinese Universities (CUS-EPSA), held in Hangzhou, China on October 23-25, 2022. These papers cover topics as Evolution and development path of the power system, Resilience assessment, analysis and planning of power system, Power system planning and reliability, Modelling and simulation of novel power system, Power electronic for power system stability analysis, Power system relay protection and automation and so on. The papers included in this proceedings share the latest research results and practical application examples on the methodologies and algorithms in these areas, which makes the book a valuable reference for researchers, engineers, and university students.
China’s Approach to Energy Security
This book aims to analyze how and why China takes a state-managed marketization approach (SMMA) to energy security against the backdrop of global efforts of decarbonization and intensified strategic competition between China and the United States. How, and why, does China's SMMA work? Taking an evolving, historical perspective, this book explores China’s perception of energy security, the policy process, institutional restructuring in China's petroleum industry, China's foreign energy quest, and the ramifications of the Chinese approach on the international energy market and on world decarbonization. To demonstrate to what extent China’s SMMA differs from other countries, it also makes a comparative analyses of the approaches by China, the US and India. This book will keenly interest scholars of the Chinese political economy, climate change, and geopolitics.
Clearing the Air
CD-ROM contains appendices.
Mathematical Optimization of Water Networks
Water supply- and drainage systems and mixed water channel systems are networks whose high dynamic is determined and/or affected by consumer habits on drinking water on the one hand and by climate conditions, in particular rainfall, on the other hand. According to their size, water networks consist of hundreds or thousands of system elements. Moreover, different types of decisions (continuous and discrete) have to be taken in the water management. The networks have to be optimized in terms of topology and operation by targeting a variety of criteria. Criteria may for example be economic, social or ecological ones and may compete with each other. The development of complex model systems and t...
