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Entropy
The concept of entropy arose in the physical sciences during the nineteenth century, particularly in thermodynamics and statistical physics, as a measure of the equilibria and evolution of thermodynamic systems. Two main views developed: the macroscopic view formulated originally by Carnot, Clausius, Gibbs, Planck, and Caratheodory and the microscopic approach associated with Boltzmann and Maxwell. Since then both approaches have made possible deep insights into the nature and behavior of thermodynamic and other microscopically unpredictable processes. However, the mathematical tools used have later developed independently of their original physical background and have led to a plethora of m...
Physics of Lakes
The ongoing thread in this volume of Physics of Lakes is the presentation of different methods of investigation for processes taking place in real lakes with a view to understanding lakes as components of the geophysical environment. It is divided into three parts. Part I is devoted to numerical modeling techniques and demonstrates that (i) wind-induced currents in depth-integrated models can only adequately predict current fields for extremely shallow lakes, and (ii) that classical multi-layered simulation models can only adequately reproduce current and temperature distributions when the lake is directly subjected to wind, but not the post-wind oscillating response. This makes shock captur...
Continuum Mechanics and Applications in Geophysics and the Environment
The topics covered include soil mechanics and porous media, glacier and ice dynamics, climatology and lake physics, climate change as well as numerical algorithms. The book, written by well-known experts, addresses researchers and students interested in physical aspects of our environment.
Fluid and Thermodynamics
This third volume describes continuous bodies treated as classical (Boltzmann) and spin (Cosserat) continua or fluid mixtures of such bodies. It discusses systems such as Boltzmann continua (with trivial angular momentum) and Cosserat continua (with nontrivial spin balance) and formulates the balance law and deformation measures for these including multiphase complexities. Thermodynamics is treated in the spirit of Müller–Liu: it is applied to Boltzmann-type fluids in three dimensions that interact with neighboring fluids on two-dimensional contact surfaces and/or one-dimensional contact lines. For all these situations it formulates the balance laws for mass, momenta, energy, and entropy....
MDATA: A New Knowledge Representation Model
Knowledge representation is an important task in understanding how humans think and learn. Although many representation models or cognitive models have been proposed, such as expert systems or knowledge graphs, they cannot represent procedural knowledge, i.e., dynamic knowledge, in an efficient way. This book introduces a new knowledge representation model called MDATA (Multi-dimensional Data Association and inTelligent Analysis). By modifying the representation of entities and relations in knowledge graphs, dynamic knowledge can be efficiently described with temporal and spatial characteristics. The MDATA model can be regarded as a high-level temporal and spatial knowledge graph model, whic...
Proceedings of the First Symposium on Aviation Maintenance and Management-Volume I
Proceedings of the First Symposium on Aviation Maintenance and Management collects selected papers from the conference of ISAMM 2013 in China held in Xi’an on November 25-28, 2013. The book presents state-of-the-art studies on the aviation maintenance, test, fault diagnosis, and prognosis for the aircraft electronic and electrical systems. The selected works can help promote the development of the maintenance and test technology for the aircraft complex systems. Researchers and engineers in the fields of electrical engineering and aerospace engineering can benefit from the book. Jinsong Wang is a professor at School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering of Northwestern Polytechnical University, China.
The 37th Annual Conference on Power System and Automation in Chinese Universities (CUS-EPSA)
This book includes original, peer-reviewed research papers from the 37th Annual Conference of Power System and Automation in Chinese Universities (CUS-EPSA), held in Hangzhou, China on October 23-25, 2022. These papers cover topics as Evolution and development path of the power system, Resilience assessment, analysis and planning of power system, Power system planning and reliability, Modelling and simulation of novel power system, Power electronic for power system stability analysis, Power system relay protection and automation and so on. The papers included in this proceedings share the latest research results and practical application examples on the methodologies and algorithms in these areas, which makes the book a valuable reference for researchers, engineers, and university students.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Art Design and Digital Technology, ADDT 2022, 16-18 September 2022, Nanjing, China
The 2022 International Conference on Art Design and Digital Technology (ADDT 2022) was successfully held on September 16-18, 2022 in Nanjing, China (virtual conference). ADDT 2022 created a forum for idea sharing and research exchange, opened up new perspectives in related fields and broadened the horizons of all participants. In the conference, 150 individuals around the world took part in the conference. Divided into three parts, the conference agenda covered keynote speeches, oral presentations and online Q&A discussion. Firstly, the keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to address their speeches. Then in the oral presentations, the excellent papers we had selected were prese...
Advances in Cold-Region Thermal Engineering and Sciences
This book consists of peer-reviewed articles and reviews presented as lectures at the Sixth International Symposium on Thermal Engineering and Sciences for Cold Regions in Darmstadt, Germany. It addresses all relevant aspects of thermal physics and engineering in cold regions, such as the Arctic regions. These environments present many unique freezing and melting phenomena and the relevant heat and mass transfer processes are of basic importance with respect to both the technological applications and the natural context in which they occur. Intended for physicists, engineers, geoscientists, climatologists and cryologists alike, these proceedings cover topics such as: ice formation and decay, heat conduction with phase change, convection with freezing and melting, thermal properties at low temperature, frost heave and permafrost, climate impact in cold regions, thermal design of structures, bio-engineering in cold regions, and many more.
Mechanical Engineering and Materials
This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of mechanical engineering, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 2020 International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Materials (ICMEM), held in Beijing, China on October 16-17, 2020. ICMEM covers all aspects of mechanical engineering and material sciences, such as computer-aided design, virtual design and design visualization, intelligent design, usability design, automobile structure, human-machine interface design, manufacturing engineering, aerospace engineering, automation and robotics, micro-machining, MEMS/ NEMS, composite materials, biomaterials, smart materials, superconducting materials, materials properties and applications, materials manufacturing, nanotechnology, nano-materials and nano-composites, etc. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.
