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In recent times, group theory has found wider applications in various fields of algebra and mathematics in general. But in order to apply this or that result, you need to know about it, and such results are often diffuse and difficult to locate, necessitating that readers construct an extended search through multiple monographs, articles, and papers. Such readers must wade through the morass of concepts and auxiliary statements that are needed to understand the desired results, while it is initially unclear which of them are really needed and which ones can be dispensed with. A further difficulty that one may encounter might be concerned with the form or language in which a given result is p...
With platinum and rhodium, palladium is one of the most important members of the platinum metal group. The last Gmelin treatment of it was in 1942, and knowledge of its properties and chemistry has made enormous strides since then. This volume is primarily concerned with binary compounds and with the coordination complexes derived from them. Although it is a member of the nickel-palladium-platinum triad, it more closely resernblas platinum in its binary and coordination chemistry, though being a second-row transition element it displays less tendency than does platinum to assume higher oxidation states. ln heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, referred to at appropriate points, palladium ...
This book provides an in-depth description and discussion of different multi-modal diagnostic techniques for cancer detection and treatment using exact optical methods, their comparison, and combination. Coverage includes detailed descriptions of modern state of design for novel methods of optical non-invasive cancer diagnostics; multi-modal methods for earlier cancer diagnostic enhancing the probability of effective cancer treatment; modern clinical trials with novel methods of clinical cancer diagnostics; medical and technical aspects of clinical cancer diagnostics, and long-term monitoring. Biomedical engineers, cancer researchers, and scientists will find the book to be an invaluable resource. Introduces optical imaging strategies; Focuses on multimodal optical diagnostics as a fundamental approach; Discusses novel methods of optical non-invasive cancer diagnostics.
This book provides the first systematic discourse on a very peculiar approach to the theory of strongly correlated systems. Hubbard X-operators have been known for a long time but have not been widely used because of their awkward algebra. The book shows that it is possible to deal with X-operators even in the general multilevel local eigenstate system, and not just in the case of the nondegenerate Hubbard model. X-operators provide the natural language for describing quasiparticles in the Hubbard subbands with unusual doping and temperature-dependent band structures.The X-operator diagram technique is presented in detail, so that a newcomer with knowledge of the usual Fermi/Bose operator diagram technique can use the former after reading the book.Examples are taken from the theory of high-Tc superconductivity, rare-earth compounds with strong magnetic anisotropy and quantum oscillations in strongly correlated systems.
A solid-state laser use and gain medium that is a solid, rather than a liquid such as dye lasers or a gas such as gas lasers. Semiconductor-based lasers are also in the solid state, but are generally considered separately from solid-state lasers. Generally, the active medium of a solid-state laser consists of a glass or crystalline host material to which is added a dopant such as neodymium, chromium, erbium, or other ions. Many of the common dopants are rare earth elements, because the excited states of such ions are not strongly coupled with thermal vibrations of the crystalline lattice (phonons), and the lasing threshold can be reached at relatively low brightness of pump. There are many h...
Compound Poisson approximation appears naturally in situations where one deals with a large number of rare events. It has important applications in insurance, extreme value theory, reliability theory, mathematical biology, and more. Compound Poisson Approximation synthesizes the most important recent research in the field in a single volume. With an extensive list of references, open problems, and exercises, it will become the standard reference book on the topic. Features • Provides a comprehensive overview of this rapidly expanding field • Synthesizes the most important research results of recent years • Presents an array of special topics • Provides the reader with a set of tools needed for research and education The book is of interest to researchers and postgraduate students from probability, statistics, and mathematics.