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The presently accepted model of the circulation is based on the work of Dr. William Harvey in the 17th century. But what Dr. Harvey described was what we now call the Macrocirculation, this is, the heart, lungs, arteries, and veins. The technology at the time did not permit a study of the capillaries, the interstitial fluid, and the lymphatic system. How did oxygen and other molecules traveled from the capillary lumen to the parenchymal cells was not known. A lot of scientific knowledge has been acquired since Dr. Harvey's description. Dr. Marcello Malpighi, and Italian physician and biologist, visualized and discovered the capillaries also in the 17th Century. Claude Bernard, a French physi...
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Surgical site infections are caused by bacteria that get in through incisions made during surgery. They threaten the lives of millions of patients each year and contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance. In low- and middle-income countries, 11% of patients who undergo surgery are infected in the process. In Africa, up to 20% of women who have a caesarean section contract a wound infection, compromising their own health and their ability to care for their babies. But surgical site infections are not just a problem for poor countries. In the United States, they contribute to patients spending more than 400 000 extra days in hospital at a cost of an additional US $10 billion per year. N...
Supplements accompany some numbers; annual supplement issued 1944-46 during suspension of main publication.