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Sanayi Çağı’yla birlikte fosil yakıtların kullanımı ve bunun sonucu olarak da artmaya başlayan sera gazları, etkilerini iklim değişikliği ile göstermiş, öyle ki düzenli ölçümlerin ve kayıtlamaların başladığı 1860'lı yıllardan günümüze küresel sıcaklıkta yaklaşık 1 0C'lık bir artış meydana gelmiştir. İklim değişikliği geniş kapsamlı ve yıkıcı etkilerini başlıca kutuplarda buzulların erimesi, deniz suyu seviyelerinin yükselmesi, hava kalitesinin bozulması, yangın, heyelan, fırtına, kuraklık, sel gibi afetlerin artması, doğal su kaynakları, tarım alanları, bitki ve hayvan türlerinin azalması gibi pek çok olumsuzlukla göstermekt...
Progress in the application of machine learning (ML) to the physical and life sciences has been rapid. A decade ago, the method was mainly of interest to those in computer science departments, but more recently ML tools have been developed that show significant potential across wide areas of science. There is a growing consensus that ML software, and related areas of artificial intelligence, may, in due course, become as fundamental to scientific research as computers themselves. Yet a perception remains that ML is obscure or esoteric, that only computer scientists can really understand it, and that few meaningful applications in scientific research exist. This book challenges that view. Wit...
Turkey, officially a secular state, voted in an Islamist party in 2002, 2007 and 2011. How far does this reflect the trend which has seen the rise of political Islam across the Middle East? Does this indicate a growing tendency in the direction of Islamisation amongst the Turkish population? If not, what are the underlying reasons behind the electoral triumphs of the Islamist Justice and Development Party (the AKP)? Kayhan Delibas seeks to answer these questions through an in-depth examination of the appeal of this political party, exploring its ideology, the routes and motives which produce party activists and local party organisations. Concluding that the AKP's success has been built on it...
This book provides an in-depth analysis of the current evolutionary machine learning techniques. Discussing the most highly regarded methods for classification, clustering, regression, and prediction, it includes techniques such as support vector machines, extreme learning machines, evolutionary feature selection, artificial neural networks including feed-forward neural networks, multi-layer perceptron, probabilistic neural networks, self-optimizing neural networks, radial basis function networks, recurrent neural networks, spiking neural networks, neuro-fuzzy networks, modular neural networks, physical neural networks, and deep neural networks. The book provides essential definitions, liter...
This book explores the changing understandings of Islam by focusing on the Islamist movement's production of literary fiction since the early 1980s. By focusing on Islamic literary narratives of the period, this study introduces issues of change, space, history and analytical relation that are excluded by the essentialist reading of Islamism.
This edited book is a collection of selected papers, presented at the International Conference of Political Economy (ICOPEC 2016). The deliberate employment of the term “political economy” in the title “International Conference of Political Economy” implies the fact that economics is perceived as an integral part of social phenomena in the International Conference of Political Economy (ICOPEC). Accordingly, even if economic institutions and relations form the foundations of society in the contemporary world, economic development is dependent on social power and dynamics, while economic policies, per se, are shaped by not only technical processes but also diverse interests and choices...
In the rising momentum for new and reformulated cultural identities, the Turkish Alevi have also emerged on the scene, demanding due recognition. In this process a number of dramatic events have served as important milestones: the clashes between Sunni and Alevi in Kahramanmaras in 1979 and Corum in 1980, the incendiarism in Sivas in 1992, and the riots in Istanbul (Gaziosmanpasa) in 1995. Less evocative, but in the long run more significant, has been the rising interest in Alevi folklore and religious practices. Questions have also arisen as to what this branch of Islamic heterodoxy represents in terms of old and new identities. In this book, these questions are addressed by some of the most prominent scholars in the field.
As the outcome of the tenth international congress (Current Debates in Social Sciences), the papers in this volume cover a wide range of topics related to the main theme of the conference, titled “Current Debates in Social Sciences”, and basically focus on economics, finance and econometrics. Even though most of the papers deal with the empirical analysis on economics and finance, there are also studies on econometrics analysis. In this context, the articles in the book draw attention to the different aspects of economics, finance and econometrics such as game theory, Fin- Tech, financial deepening, financial literacy, debt level of credit card of younger generation and case studies, the relationship between Turkey technology index and other World technology index, carbon emission rate and economic growth, the effects of capital inflows on economic growth, work engagement, loneliness at work and stress, measure and compare the performance of Type-A mutual funds in Turkey. We believe that these studies would contribute to the development of debates in social sciences and encourage interdisciplinary approaches.
The fuzzy set was conceived as a result of an attempt to come to grips with the problem of pattern recognition in the context of imprecisely defined categories. In such cases, the belonging of an object to a class is a matter of degree, as is the question of whether or not a group of objects form a cluster. A pioneering application of the theory of fuzzy sets to cluster analysis was made in 1969 by Ruspini. It was not until 1973, however, when the appearance of the work by Dunn and Bezdek on the Fuzzy ISODATA (or fuzzy c-means) algorithms became a landmark in the theory of cluster analysis, that the relevance of the theory of fuzzy sets to cluster analysis and pattern recognition became clea...