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The field of machine translation (MT) - the automation of translation between human languages - has existed for more than 50 years. MT helped to usher in the field of computational linguistics and has influenced methods and applications in knowledge representation, information theory, and mathematical statistics.
In the last decade, AI firmly settled into our industrial society with the expert systems as the representative product. However, almost every one of the systems could cover only a single task domain. In the highly mechanized world of the 21st century, systems will become smart and user friendly enough to cover a wide range of task domains. Systems with much user friendliness must be multilingual because users in different domains usually have different languages. Language is formed in its own culture. Therefore, promotion for cross-cultural scientific interchange will be indispensable for the progress of AI.
An introduction to recent results of Japanese research and development in the fields of speech synthesis.
The Generalized LR parsing algorithm (some call it "Tomita's algorithm") was originally developed in 1985 as a part of my Ph.D thesis at Carnegie Mellon University. When I was a graduate student at CMU, I tried to build a couple of natural language systems based on existing parsing methods. Their parsing speed, however, always bothered me. I sometimes wondered whether it was ever possible to build a natural language parser that could parse reasonably long sentences in a reasonable time without help from large mainframe machines. At the same time, I was always amazed by the speed of programming language compilers, because they can parse very long sentences (i.e., programs) very quickly even o...
The book collects the contributions to the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Speech Recognition and Understanding: Recent Advances, Trends and Applications", held in Cetraro, Italy, during the first two weeks of July 1990. This Institute focused on three topics that are considered of particular interest and rich of i'p.novation by researchers in the fields of speech recognition and understanding: Advances in Hidden Markov modeling, connectionist approaches to speech and language modeling, and linguistic processing including language and dialogue modeling. The purpose of any ASI is that of encouraging scientific communications between researchers of NATO countries through advanced tutorials a...
Speech recognition by machine : a review / D.R. Reddy -- The value of speech recognition systems / W.A. Lea -- Digital representations of speech signals / R.W. Schafer and L.R. Rabiner -- Comparison of parametric representations for monosyllabic word recognition in continuously spoken sentences / S.B. Davis and P. Mermelstein -- Vector quantization / R.M. Gray -- A joint synchrony-mean-rate model of auditory speech processing / S. Seneff -- Isolated and connected word recognition : theory and selected applications / L.R. Rabiner and S.E. Levinson -- Minimum prediction residual principle applied to speech recognition / F. Itakura -- Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition / S. Hakoe and S. Chiba -- Speaker-independent recognition of isolated words using clustering techniques / L.R. Rabiner [and others]Two-level DP-matching : a dynamic programming-based pattern matching algorithm for connected word recognition / H. Sakoe -- The use of a one-stage dynamic pr ...
Speech--to--Speech Translation: a Massively Parallel Memory-Based Approach describes one of the world's first successful speech--to--speech machine translation systems. This system accepts speaker-independent continuous speech, and produces translations as audio output. Subsequent versions of this machine translation system have been implemented on several massively parallel computers, and these systems have attained translation performance in the milliseconds range. The success of this project triggered several massively parallel projects, as well as other massively parallel artificial intelligence projects throughout the world. Dr. Hiroaki Kitano received the distinguished `Computers and Thought Award' from the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence in 1993 for his work in this area, and that work is reported in this book.