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Science and Engineering of One- and Zero-Dimensional Semiconductors
This volume comprises the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Science and Engineering of 1- and O-dimensional semiconductors held at the University of Cadiz from 29th March to 1st April 1989, under the auspices of the NATO International Scientific Exchange Program. There is a wealth of scientific activity on the properties of two-dimensional semiconductors arising largely from the ease with which such structures can now be grown by precision epitaxy techniques or created by inversion at the silicon-silicon dioxide interface. Only recently, however, has there burgeoned an interest in the properties of structures in which carriers are further confined with only one or, in...
Biologically Inspired Physics
The workshop "Biologically Inspired Physics" was organized, with the support of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division and the Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development of the Commission of the European Communities, in order to review some subjects of physics of condensed matter which are inspired by biological problems or deal with biological systems, but which address physical questions. The main topics discussed in the meeting were: 1. Macromolecules: In particular, proteins and nucleic acids. Special emphasis was placed on modelling protein folding, where analogies with disordered systems in con densed matter (glasses, spin glasses) were suggested. It is not clear at this p...
Information Dynamics
Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Irsee/Kaufbeuren, Germany, June 15--26, 1990
Differential Geometric Methods in Theoretical Physics
After several decades of reduced contact, the interaction between physicists and mathematicians in the front-line research of both fields recently became deep and fruit ful again. Many of the leading specialists of both fields became involved in this devel opment. This process even led to the discovery of previously unsuspected connections between various subfields of physics and mathematics. In mathematics this concerns in particular knots von Neumann algebras, Kac-Moody algebras, integrable non-linear partial differential equations, and differential geometry in low dimensions, most im portantly in three and four dimensional spaces. In physics it concerns gravity, string theory, integrable ...
Chaos, Order, and Patterns
Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Lake Como, Italy, June 25--July 6, 1990
New Aspects of Nuclear Dynamics
The 1988 Summer School on New Aspects of Nuclear Dynamics took place in the style that by now has become a tradition: a series of lectures by well known scientists on modem topics of nuclear physics, where special emphasis is placed on the didactic aspects of the lectures. In the past few years, we have witnessed a rapid evolution of the field of nuclear physics towards novel directions of research. This development is accompanied by the construction of some of the largest experimental facilities ever built for nuclear research. The subjects covered by the Summer School focussed on two main issues currently under active investigation and which will be pursued with the new facilities: the tra...
Global Climate and Ecosystem Change
Humankind's ever-expanding activities have caused environmental changes that reach beyond localities and regions to become global in scope. Disturbances to the atmosphere, oceans, and land produce changes in the living parts of the planet, while, at the same time, alterations in the biosphere modify the atmosphere, oceans, and land. Understanding this complex web of interactions poses unprecedented intellectual challenges. The atmospheric concentrations of natural trace gases-carbon dioxide (C0 ), methane (CH. ), nitrous oxide (N0), and lower-atmosphere ozone 2 2 (Os)-have increased since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Industrial gases such as the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), whi...
The Global Geometry of Turbulence
The aim of this Advanced Research Workshop was to bring together Physicists, Applied Mathematicians and Fluid Dynamicists, including very specially experimentalists, to review the available knowledge on the global structural aspects of turbulent flows, with an especial emphasis on open systems, and to try to reach a consensus on their possible relationship to recent advances in the understanding of the behaviour of low dimensional dynamical systems and amplitude equations. A lot has been learned during recent years on the non-equilibrium behaviour of low dimen sional dynamical systems, including some fluid flows (Rayleigh-Benard, Taylor-Couette, etc. ). These are mostly closed flows and many...
Microscopic Simulations of Complex Hydrodynamic Phenomena
This volume contains the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute which was held in Alghero, Sardinia, in July 1991. The development of computers in the recent years has lead to the emergence of unconventional ideas aiming at solving old problems. Among these, the possibility of computing directly fluid flows from the trajectories of constituent particles has been much exploited in the last few years: lattice gases cellular automata and more generally Molecular Dynamics have been used to reproduce and study complex flows. Whether or not these methods may someday compete with more traditional approaches is a question which cannot be answered at the present time: it will depend on the ne...
Hamiltonian Mechanics
This volume contains invited papers and contributions delivered at the International Conference on Hamiltonian Mechanics: Integrability and Chaotic Behaviour, held in Tornn, Poland during the summer of 1993. The conference was supported by the NATO Scientific and Environmental Affairs Division as an Advanced Research Workshop. In fact, it was the first scientific conference in all Eastern Europe supported by NATO. The meeting was expected to establish contacts between East and West experts as well as to study the current state of the art in the area of Hamiltonian Mechanics and its applications. I am sure that the informal atmosphere of the city of Torun, the birthplace of Nicolaus Copernicu...
