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Our reasoning evolved not for finding the truth, but for social bonding and convincing. The best logical methods humans have created provide no path to truth, unless something is assumed as true from the start. Other than that, we only have methods for attempting to measure uncertainty. This book highlights the consequences of these facts for scientific practice, and suggests how to correct the mistakes we still make. But even our best methods to measure uncertainty might require infinite resources to provide solid answers. This conclusion has important consequences for when and how much we can trust arguments and scientific results. The author suggests ways we can improve our current practices, and argues that theoretical work is a fundamental part of the most effective way to do science.
Research into social systems is challenging due to their complex nature. Traditional methods of analysis are often difficult to apply effectively as theories evolve over time. This can be due to a lack of appropriate data, or too much uncertainty. It can also be the result of problems which are not yet understood well enough in the general sense so that they can be classified, and an appropriate solution quickly identified. Simulation is one tool that deals well with these challenges, fits in well with the deductive process, and is useful for testing theory. This field is still relatively new, and much of the work is necessarily innovative, although it builds upon a rich and varied foundation. There are a number of existing modelling paradigms being applied to complex social systems research. Additionally, new methods and measures are being devised through the process of conducting research. We expect that readers will enjoy the collection of high quality research works from new and accomplished researchers.
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant global health burden. Globally alcohol misuse is the fifth leading risk factor for premature death and disability, and accounts for ~3.3 million deaths annually. Chronic alcohol use deleteriously affects both normal behavior (e.g., depression, anxiety, and alcohol craving) and physiology (e.g., oxidative stress, intestinal hyperpermeability, immune dysfunction, and organ damage). Both heavy and binge drinking patterns alter immune frequencies, compromise immune cell function, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Alcohol misuse can damage barrier functions in vital organs such as the lungs, gut, increase susceptibility to both bacterial a...
This major work, complete with 150 illustrations, many of them in color, bridges the gap between clinical pulmonary pathology and basic molecular science. Through a highly visual approach that features an abundance of tables and diagrams, the book offers a practical disease-based overview. The first two sections of the volume provide the reader with general concepts, terminology and procedures in molecular pathology. The remainder of the volume is subdivided into neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung diseases with detailed chapters covering the current molecular pathology of specific diseases. The book will be essential reading for pathologists, pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons and other health care providers interested in lung disease.
This updated and expanded second edition covers all of the diagnostic areas where FNAC is used today. Each chapter follows a similar, practical format: diagnostic criteria with an emphasis of differential diagnoses; diagnostic problems and pitfalls; and relevant findings of ancillary methods. Authoritative discussions will reflect accepted international viewpoints. The interaction of the cytologist or cytopathologist with other specialists (radiologists, oncologists and surgeons) is emphasized and illustrated throughout. With contributions from experts in the field internationally and many new colour images Atlas of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Second Edition provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to FNAC for pathologists, cytopathologists, radiologists, oncologists, surgeons and others involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspicious mass lesions.
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L’homme, quel que soit son questionnement vis-à-vis du mystère de la vie et de la mort, est inquiet. Au-delà de l’athéisme, voire du nihilisme qui ne laisse pas pour autant l’individu indemne d’interrogations, la désaffection pour le religieux résulte, d’une façon générale, de l’impression de victoire technologique de la matière de la société de consommation matérialiste et athée. Les avancées de la science ont fragilisé les religions en les rendant moins mystérieuses. Dans les prochaines décennies, toutes les ‘anomalies’ relevées dans les textes sacrés et qui seront en contradiction flagrante avec la science, vont faire perdre de la crédibilité aux reli...