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SHALL WE PLAY A GAME?
As I grew up in my hometown of Rock Falls, Illinois, listening to the radio, I often heard advertisements for a videogame retail store called Video Games ETC! The commercials were quite typical. They frequently detailed how they had "the latest and greatest video games and consoles!" And like any good business they had a tagline at the end of every commercial. Amidst a flurry of distorted rock guitar chords I heard, "Video games ETC! Just a game? I DON'T THINK SO!" As a child I agreed with this statement, but as an adult I feel compelled to defend it. This simple commercial tagline effectively responds to the prevailing negative attitudes toward playing videogames as a meaningful endeavor. T...
The Problem of Unfreedom Yarran
Can unfree people make themselves free? Some people are unfree because of the social and political conditions in which they find themselves. To become freer would require changing those conditions; yet changing them requires the exercise of freedom. So it seems like they must already be free in order to become free. Drawing on John Dewey, W.E.B. Du Bois, and B.R. Ambedkar, I argue that the unfree can make themselves free. Unfreedom involves external constraints and how those constraints shape people's agency. Becoming freer involves coming to know, from the inside, how our agency has been shaped. We can change that shaping and in turn the social conditions. The problem of unfreedom is a vicious cycle. Social conditions constrain agency, which in turn further entrenches the social conditions. A virtuous cycle is possible. Agents can change their conditions, reducing the constraint on their agency, in turn enabling greater change. Conditions are unstable, and agents can take advantage of that instability.
Attributivism
It concerns the normative capacity of attributive goodness. Specifically, it critically evaluates Attributivism, the theory that attributive goodness is fundamentally normative, or that the distribution of that property determines when. whether. and in what way agents ought to act. The first third develops, refines and defends Attributivism. Doing so is, in part, a ground- clearing exercise. I distil that theory from the arguments of many other philosophers. In doing so I isolate and precisify its core commitments. I defend it from a number of objections. The second third analyses fundamental normativity. I stipulate that a standard or property is fundamentally normative if its distribution ...
Defending the Evolutionary Debunking Argument
In this thesis, I will explore the epistemological evolutionary debunking arguments in meta-ethics (EDA). I will defend these arguments by accomplishing two tasks: (1) I will offer the best (i.e., most detailed and precise) way to understand the EDA and (2) I will also respond to two strongest objections to the EDA Firstly, in Part I of this thesis, I will offer my account of how the EDA should be best formulated. I will start from how evolution has significantly influenced our moral beliefs. I will then explain why, due to their evolutionary origin, our moral beliefs are not tracking the moral truth reliably. Furthermore, I will argue that the fact that our moral beliefs are not tracking th...
NATURE, SCIENCE, AND SUBJECTIVITY IN THE AGE OF GOETHE By Stephen
Literary criticism and the history of philosophy have a fairly standard story to tell about the development off German literature and philosophy around 1800. According to this story there were three major movements that cut across literature and philosophy, which, themselves, were always intertwined: Classicsim, Idealism and Romanticism. What all three of these movement have in common, so the story goes, is that they are all reactions to the ground-breaking, epoch shifting philosophy of Immanuel Kant and as such, some version of "Idealism". Matthew C. Altman sums up this position the Palgrave Handbook to German Idealism when he states that, "Kant's "Copernican revolution in philosophy" - the...
Wisdom, Ingenuity and Prediction
The Theaetetus ends with Socrates discussing three proposals for a definition of logos. These proposals are parts of a larger treatment of knowledge as true judgment with an account (logos). Socrates rejects each of the three proposals, and the dialogue ends aporetically. Commentators have discussed Socrates' reasons for dismissing each of these proposals, whether these dismissals are justified or not, and what to make of Socrates' or Plato's commitment to the knowledge-as-true-judgment-with-a-logos schema in light of Socrates' arguments. Some commentators make much of the fact that the rejections create an aporia, and others do not. Both emphasizing and de-emphasizing the state of aporia have been done with a variety of motivations.
ETHICS OF NATURAL DISASTER INTERVENTION
Natural disasters are social disruptions triggered by physical events. Every year, hundreds of natural disasters occur and tens of thousands of people are killed as a result. I maintain that everyone would want to be provided with assistance in the aftermath a natural disaster. If a national government is not providing post-disaster assistance, then we expect that some other institution has the responsibility to provide it. Unfortunately, that is not the case currently. Therefore, in this thesis I argue that in some situations the international community is required to intervene on behalf of those affected by the disaster caused by a natural hazard. Natural disaster intervention is a moral requirement: because the international community has a duty to provide the goods we are entitled to as per the human right to welfare, even in natural disaster scenarios. After making my argument as to why a natural disaster intervention policy should be developed I explain the basic principles of such a policy by applying the Just War criteria to natural disaster scenarios in which a national government is unable or unwilling to provide assistance to its people.
Adaptive Psychomotor Learning and the Young Child
This dissertation aimed to spotlight a prevalent issue in lifespan development and learning that is under-appreciated in educational research and practice. Many children in the United States and abroad learn to coordinate fundamental motor actions with maladaptive postural deviations that impose excessive stress and strain on musculoskeletal structures. The stabilization of maladaptive movement patterns during a critical period of psychomotor development produces non-structural sagittal misalignments of the spine, including Forward Head Posture (FHP) and Postural Thoracic Hyperkyphosis. Moreover, the reproduction of maladaptive movement patterns may be associated with the development of musc...
Socratic Paradoxes and Plato's Epistemology
Plato's "Socratic paradoxes" state that no one does wrong voluntarily and that virtue is knowledge. Outside of moral psychology, the importance of the Socratic paradoxes has been neglected. My dissertation defends two related proposals that showcase their importance in ancient epistemology. The first proposal is that they are a major motivation for Plato to develop a unique view of epistēmē (knowledge or understanding) as an infallible and robust cognitive power that is set over a special class of objects. The second proposal is that understanding the influence of the Socratic paradoxes can help us see how epistēmē improves our doxai (beliefs or opinions) about the world around us, solvi...
BODY MODIFICATION AND REGRETTING VISIBILITY
I began collecting tattoos and piercings just after I turned eighteen. As my collection grows and it becomes harder for me to conceal my modifications, I must contend each and every day with the ways in which my body is Othered by my choice to look different. Body modification is self-actualizing for so many, but it can position someone to be stared at, to be physically violated, to be tokenized, or to be vilified. This current project dissects a few key literature areas, from body modification history to the contemporary politics of modification to aesthetic and spectacular philosophy, with the aim to weave together an argument for a nuanced and complex understanding of the social ramifications of body modification. Focus group interviews bring together numerous body modifiers to discuss the right to look (Mirzoeff, 2011) and the effects of personal choice on marginalization. I look toward two broad questions to guide this project: how do those with visible, non-normative body modifications interact with others, and how do those interactions influence their sense of regret?
