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Introducing abstract machines - Review of set theory and logic - Weakest preconditions - Towards machine consistency - Parameters, sets, and constants - Relations - Functions and sequences - Arrays - Nondeterminism - Structuring with includes - Structuring with SEES and USES - Data refinement - Refinement of nondeterminism - Proof obligations for refinements - Loops - Implementation machines - Case study : heapsort - Library machines.
2023-24 UPTET/CTET English Solved Papers
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods, ICFEM 2003, held in Singapore in November 2003. The 34 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 91 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on testing and validation, state diagrams, PVS/HOL, refinement, hybrid systems, Z/Object-Z, Petri nets, timed automata, system modelling and checking, and semantics and synthesis.
The focus in development methodologies of large and complex software systems has switched in the last two decades from functional issues to structural issues; this holds for both the object-oriented and the more recent component-based software engineering paradigms. Formal methods have been applied successfully to the verification of medium-sized programs in protocol and hardware design for quite a long time. However, their application to the development of large systems requires more emphasis on specification, modeling and validation techniques supporting the concepts of reusability and modifiability, and their implementation in new extensions of existing programming languages like Java. Th...
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B is one of the few formal methods which has robust, commercially-available tool support for the entire development lifecycle from specification through to code generation. This volume provides a comprehensive introduction to the B Abstract Machine Notation, and to how it can be used to support formal specification and development of high integrity systems. A strong emphasis is placed on the use of B in the context of existing software development methods, including object-oriented analysis and design. The text includes a large number of worked examples, graduated exercises in B AMN specification and development (all of which have been class-tested), two extended case studies of the development process, and an appendix of proof techniques suitable for B. Based on material which has been used to teach B at postgraduate and undergraduate level, this volume will provide invaluable reading a wide range of people, including students, project technical managers and workers, and researchers with an interest in methods integration and B semantics.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods, IFM 2016, held in Reykjavik, Iceland, in June 2016. The 33 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 99 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: invited contributions; program verification; probabilistic systems; concurrency; safety and liveness; model learning; SAT and SMT solving; testing; theorem proving and constraint satisfaction; case studies.
This book, which is aimed at the health care and social work/care field, looks at the relationship between different levels of research projects. As the social sciences can be based on quite different assumptions or "philosophies2 about what the social world is like and how knowledge about it can be obtained, this book will help students navigate the need for consistency between empirical work, the research question, research design, values, and philosophy of science. Based on a critical realist perspective the book seeks to elucidate and to reflect on such connections, and to argue for the requirements of coherence as well as taking a critical look at the dilemmas that arise in health and social care/work research. Comprised of 13 chapters which cover theoretical frameworks, research questions, objectives of the study, research ethical considerations, values, and the question of validity, it shows how these must be interlinked if a project is to have a good design. It will be of interest to researchers, PhD candidates and master's students in the field of health care and social work/care.
To interpret the laboratory results. To distinguish the normal from the abnormal and to understand the merits and demerits of the assays under study. The book attempts to train a laboratory medicine student to achievesound knowledge of analytical methods and quality control practices, tointerpret the laboratory results, to distinguish the normal from the abnormaland to understand the merits and demerits of the assays under study.
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