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An Integrated Modelling Approach to Design Cost-Effective AES for Agricultural Soil Erosion and Water Pollution
Agri-environment schemes (AES) is frequently adopted for tricky environmental issues. One key concern for AES design is to optimize the cost-effectiveness. For issues of cost-effective prevention of agricultural soil erosion and non-point source water pollution, although models that assess both environmental effects and economic costs of land use measures have been developed, they typically adopt a planning perspective instead of designing AES with the role of farmers being considered. This book presents a spatially explicit novel integrated modelling approach that addresses the shortcoming by combining several components. The relevance of the modelling approach is demonstrated in this book by applying it to the Baishahe watershed in Shanxi province in China. The results show that the modelling approach is robust to design cost-effective AES, i.e. under given budget the maximum environmental effect in the study region could be attained with a set of designed payments for measures in AES. The developed modelling approach is generic and powerful for application in all kinds of agricultural watersheds with various sizes.
Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on The role of forests for future global development
The sustainable management of forest resources became an indispensable prerequisite for any policy addressing the actual and future challenges of globabl development. Forests and other tree resources are essential for the provision of ecosystem services and contribute largely to future food security, livelihoods and ecosystem stability. Forests and any other trees outside the forest play a relevant role all three great UN conventions (on Climate Change, on Biodiversity, and on Combatting Desertification). The policy processes to implement the measures in these conventions on sub-national, national, regional and international level are extremely complex. This complexity comes, among other factors, from a blend of different sectoral and national interests, from a large number of scientifically not yet entirely resolved issues and a wide range of different biophysical, social, cultural and political conditions all over the world.
National extension policy and state level implementation: The case of Niger State in Nigeria
The aim of Nigeria’s extension reform and transformation agenda through its new national extension policy (NEP) is to put in place a legislated, pluralistic, farmer-responsive, and market-oriented extension system. The reformed extension system aims at an assured and regular source of funding and a well-trained and motivated staff, effectively catering for a variety of actors along targeted value chains. It also aims at effective integration of the complex innovation processes in the agricultural and food system transformation in Nigeria. Implementation of the NEP at the state level remains a major challenge. This paper documents issues, challenges, constraints, and potential solutions and...
Socio-Economic Issues of Climate Change
This book conducts a holistic analysis of climate change perceptions, vulnerabilities, impacts, and adaptation, based on the primary household-data collected from the Chepang community residing in the rural Mid-Hills of Nepal. Socio-economic and demographic data from the household survey is integrated with meteorological and spatial data to conduct an integrated analysis. Quantitative analysis is also supplemented by qualitative information. Given the context of ongoing climate change, the livelihoods issues of a highly marginalized Chepang community form the center-point of analysis. The book demonstrates that balanced assets possession is a prerequisite to strengthen the adaptive capacity ...
The World Bank Participation Sourcebook
Presents case studies resulting from participation in the World Bank by developing countries such as Chad, Brazil, and Nigeria
Credit constraints and agricultural technology adoption: Evidence from Nigeria
The agricultural sector in Nigeria is characterized by low productivity that is driven by low use of modern agricultural technologies, such as improved seed, chemical fertilizer, agrochemicals, and agricultural machinery. Poor access to credit is claimed to be one of the key barriers to adoption of these technologies. This study examines the nature of credit constraints among smallholder farmers – whether smallholders are credit constrained or not and the extent to which credit constraints emanate from supply-side or demand-side factors. Using multinomial probit and seeming unrelated simultaneous equations econometric models with data from the 2018/19 Living Standards Measurement Study-Int...
Biogas Technology
Biogas is a renewable energy resource that can be an alternative solution for the world's insatiable energy demands while helping in managing waste and reducing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is also regarded as carbon neutral as the carbon in biogas comes from organic matter (feedstock) that captured this carbon from atmospheric CO2 over a relatively short timescale. This book has been written and compiled to collate latest information on biogas technology to help readers, researchers and extension workers alike to understand the fruitful exploitation of the process. It has fourteen chapters, primarily in three major categories: 01. the first category dealing with the basic biometha...
Effects of Public Expenditures on Agriculture at Sub-national Levels on Households' Welfare and Economic Resilience in Nigeria
Agricultural development has long been considered an important driver of overall economic development in developing countries such as Nigeria. Whether increasing public expenditures on agriculture (PEA) can directly improve broad dimensions of household well-being has continued to be debated. In addition, there has been growing interest in the economic flexibility of households to switch between non-farm and farming activities. Such flexibility can potentially enhance the resilience of households to shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic in today's rapidly changing socioeconomic environments. Direct evidence of the impact of PEA on broad development outcomes is also important in informing regiona...
