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Their mission was humble and simple: to reach the poor country people, who suffered from ignorance of their faith, a debased clergy, and poverty. In response, Vincent De Paul defined the vocation of his “Little Company” as preaching local missions for free, educating the clergy, and working to relieve the people’s poverty. Soon, however, this vocation was complicated by commands to minister to royal families, including Louis xiv of France and the kings and queens of Poland, which would embroil the Vincentians in international and ecclesiastical politics. In addition, they would begin dangerous foreign missions, such as ministering to the Christian captives of the Barbary pirates, the d...
Given the important role that the Portuguese played in the Persian Gulf from 1507 to 1720, knowing what is available about their activities in this area is not only of importance to those interested in the history of Portugal, but also of those interested in the history of Bahrein, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, eastern Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. This bibliography of printed published works therefore contains a full list of primary and secondary sources, not only in Western languages, but also in Persian, Arabic and Turkish. It aims to facilitate the work of scholars and students, but also of the non-specialist, i.e. those among the general public who want to know more about this part of the world during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and about the activities of the Portuguese. Although other bibliographies exist that include the activities of the Portuguese in the Persian Gulf, all are in need of updating, and none are as comprehensive as this bibliography.
Overturns the long-established historical narrative about the origins and purpose of the Knights Templar • Explains how and why the Templars created Europe’s first nation-state, Portugal, with one of their own as king • Reveals the Portuguese roots of key founding members, their relationship with the Order of Sion, the Templars’ devotion to Mary Magdalene and John the Baptist, and the meaning and exact location of the Grail • Provides evidence of Templar holy sites and hidden chambers throughout Portugal • Includes over 700 references, many from new and rare sources Conventional history claims that nine men formed a brotherhood called the Knights Templar in Jerusalem in 1118 to p...
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