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The Question of the Commons
This collection of eighteen original essays evaluates the use and misuse of common-property resources, taking as its starting point ecologist Garret Hardin's assertion in "The Tragedy of the Commons" that common property is doomed to overexploitation in any society. This book represents the first cross-cultural test of Hardin's argument and argues that, while tragedies of the commons do occur under some circumstances, local institutions have proven resilient and responsive to the problems of communal resource use.
Enclosing the Commons
In 1991 the Atlantic groundfish fishery in Nova Scotia and southern New Brunswick experienced diminishing resources and overcapacity in the inshore mobile-gear fleet. The Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans instituted individual quotas (IQs) for this sector of the fishery. Soon thereafter the IQs became individual transferable quotas (ITQs). Enclosing the Commons explores the industrial micropolitics associated with the creation of the ITQ Group and the push to reduce overcapacity through economic concentration of quota shares. This important study provides the first critical examination of an ITQ approach to fisheries management.
Community, State, and Market on the North Atlantic Rim
This is a study of Northern Norway and Atlantic Canada, two regions experiencing a severe crisis due to overexploitation of fisheries resources. The work of a group of researchers from Canada, Norway, and the United States, it examines the implications of common market integration, privatized resource management, and small business development policies for fishery-dependent communities in terms of long-term sustainability and participatory democracy. The book is broken into three sections: an examination of the economic and institutional history of the fisheries in Norway and Atlantic Canada, a study of the regulatory regimes used in the fisheries of these two regions, and an analysis of reactions in three communities, two in Canada and one in Norway, to the decline and collapse of fish stocks. Comparative, multidisciplinary, and multinational in approach, it is a major contribution to the literature on fishing regulations, the role of the state, and resource development in the North Atlantic.
Against the Grain
To rise to the increasingly urgent challenge of understanding the relationship between human beings and the environment, scholars need to step back and re-evaluate their basic premises about how current explanations should shape the form and content of their research. Against the Grain addresses a variety of topics in the field of human ecology, including ecological anthropology, evolutionary psychology, environmental history, and geography, and challenges scholars to re-think the adequacy of their methods and assumptions. Andrew P. Vayda concludes the volume with a critical commentary on these issues and, more widely, on the subject of explanation. The result is an extremely useful and provocative pr cis for thinking about, re-evaluating, and rectifying scholarly research.
The Fisheries Co-management Experience
For two decades the idea of governments and fishers working together to manage fisheries has been advocated, questioned, disparaged and, most importantly, attempted in fisheries from North and South America through Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania. This book is the first time these experiences have been pulled together in a single volume, summarized and explained. The Fisheries Co-management Experience begins with a review of the intellectual foundations of the co-management idea from several professional perspectives. Next, fisheries researchers from six global regions describe what has been happening on the ground in their area. Finally, the volume offers a set of reflections by some of the best authors in the field. The end result describes both the state-of-the-art and emerging issues for one of the most important trends in natural resources management.
The Tragedy of the Commodity
Winner of the 2017 Paul Sweezy Marxist Sociology Book Award from the American Sociological Association Although humans have long depended on oceans and aquatic ecosystems for sustenance and trade, only recently has human influence on these resources dramatically increased, transforming and undermining oceanic environments throughout the world. Marine ecosystems are in a crisis that is global in scope, rapid in pace, and colossal in scale. In The Tragedy of the Commodity, sociologists Stefano B. Longo, Rebecca Clausen, and Brett Clark explore the role human influence plays in this crisis, highlighting the social and economic forces that are at the heart of this looming ecological problem. In ...
Communities and the Environment
For years environmentalists thought natural resources could be best protected by national legislation. But the poor outcomes of this top-down policy have led conservation professionals today to regard local communities as the agents of conservation efforts. According to a recent survey, more than fifty countries report that they pursue partnerships with local communities in an effort to protect their forests. Despite the recent popularity of a community-based approach, the concept of community rarely receives the attention it should get from those concerned with resource management. This balanced volume redresses the situation, demonstrating both the promise and the potential dangers of community action. Although the contributors advocate community-based conservation, they examine the record with a critical eye. They pay attention to the concrete political contexts in which communities emerge and operate. Understanding the nature of community requires understanding the internal politics of local regions and their relationship to external forces and actors. Especially critical are issues related to ethnicity, gender, and the state.
Oyster Wars and the Public Trust
Australia's Northern Territory is twice the size of Texas with a population less than one-tenth that of Houston. How could so vast a place be a setting for environmental abuse? American anthropologist Richard Symanski shows how the Outback's ecology has been drastically altered as Europeans, Aborigines, wild species, and introduced species make their impact on the land and on each other.
Taking Chances
Humanity is deeply committed to living along the world’s shores, but a catastrophic storm like Sandy—which took hundreds of lives and caused many billions of dollars in damages—shines a bright light at how costly and vulnerable life on a shoreline can be. Taking Chances offers a wide-ranging exploration of the diverse challenges of Sandy and asks if this massive event will really change how coastal living and development is managed. Bringing together leading researchers—including biologists, urban planners, utilities experts, and climatologists, among others—Taking Chances illuminates reactions to the dangers revealed by Sandy. Focusing on New Jersey, New York, and other hard-hit a...
Our Daily Bread
A wage is more than a simple fee in exchange for labor, argues Geoff Mann. Beyond being a quantitative reflection of productivity or bargaining power, a wage is a political arena in which working people's identity, culture, and politics are negotiated and developed. In Our Daily Bread, Mann examines struggles over wages to reveal ways in which the wage becomes a critical component in the making of social hierarchies of race, gender, and citizenship. Combining a fresh analysis of radical political economy with a critical assessment of the role of white men in North American labor politics, Mann addresses the issue of class politics and places the problem of "interests" squarely at the center ...
