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Logic, the discipline that explores valid reasoning, does not need to be limited to a specific form of representation but should include any form as long as it allows us to draw sound conclusions from given information. The use of diagrams has a long but unequal history in logic: The golden age of diagrammatic logic of the 19th century thanks to Euler and Venn diagrams was followed by the early 20th century's symbolization of modern logic by Frege and Russell. Recently, we have been witnessing a revival of interest in diagrams from various disciplines - mathematics, logic, philosophy, cognitive science, and computer science. This book aims to provide a space for this newly debated topic - the logical status of diagrams - in order to advance the goal of universal logic by exploring common and/or unique features of visual reasoning.
A primal scream erupted in the Charity Ward of Providence Hospital in Washington, DC. Crying out for Mother, baby Movsisian felt her loving grip for only minutes after birth. Judy's bassinet was wheeled away, then hidden, once her birth blood was washed away. Her family was nearly destroyed in the Armenian Genocide; only 5 survived from Nor Kegh, Charsandjak, Kharpert, in the Euphrates River Valley. They emigrated to the U.S.A. in 1913 and 1921. Fate determined that this newborn would be the last one to inherit the family name. Cloaked in secrecy, Mary's identity remained a secret from her until she was 38! Mary did not know that Armenians had origins from the Cradle of Civilization and were the first people to accept Christianity.Her birth records were sealed, then falsified. How did she find her family? Mary's tenacity resulted in her discovering 'something.' How did THE LETTER, written 9-17-1945, and hidden inside an old box in a closet, yet found by accident 42 years later, solve Mary's mystery
Covers receipts and expenditures of appropriations and other funds.
This book offers a selection of the papers of the Women in Pragmatism International Conference held at the University of Barcelona in January 2020. The conference gathered women and non-binary scholars from twelve different countries. This was the first pragmatist conference organized entirely by women and non-binary persons. It has initiated a stable network of mentoring and support analogous to other women philosophers’ organizations. The book provides paths to reconstruct the roots of pragmatism, integrating the works of women pragmatists of the past and linking them to the current developments of feminist and pragmatist topics. Scholars of different countries, status, and backgrounds serve as a powerful example of the trend toward interdisciplinary cooperation and versatility we might expect for the future of pragmatism. The book is of interest for scholars interested in both pragmatism and feminism, from various perspectives ranging from psychology to semiotics, logic, and sociology, wishing to expand their horizons and understand their relevant interactions.
Covers receipts and expenditures of appropriations and other funds.
Ruslan Mitkov's highly successful Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics has been substantially revised and expanded in this second edition. Alongside updated accounts of the topics covered in the first edition, it includes 17 new chapters on subjects such as semantic role-labelling, text-to-speech synthesis, translation technology, opinion mining and sentiment analysis, and the application of Natural Language Processing in educational and biomedical contexts, among many others. The volume is divided into four parts that examine, respectively: the linguistic fundamentals of computational linguistics; the methods and resources used, such as statistical modelling, machine learning, and corpus annotation; key language processing tasks including text segmentation, anaphora resolution, and speech recognition; and the major applications of Natural Language Processing, from machine translation to author profiling. The book will be an essential reference for researchers and students in computational linguistics and Natural Language Processing, as well as those working in related industries.
Introduces readers to the history of necessity and possibility, two modal concepts which play a key role in philosophy.
Robert Hanna works out a unified contemporary Kantian theory of rational human cognition and knowledge, which develops new lines of thought in philosophy of perception. Along the way, he provides original accounts of intentionality, sense perception and perceptual knowledge, the analytic-synthetic distinction, the nature of logic, and the a priori.