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A collection of historical incidents related to the life of Chandra Shekhar Azad, 1906-1931, Indian freedom fighter.
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Articles on various subjects.
Chandra Shekhar Azad is a matchless and rare personality of the revolutionary movement in India. Though born in a family in the grip of stark poverty and deprivation, he considered personal interests negligible and made freedom of the motherland the objective of his life. He went to Benares to study Sanskrit but plunged himself in the freedom struggle of the country at an adolescent age. From here his revolutionary life started. He strongly believed that the pleasures of life and revolution were totally different paths. He did not allow the strength of his character to waver even at in the face of adverse circumstances. The police of the British government failed to arrest him in Kakori train dacoity and Saunders' murder cases despite numerous attempts and finally he proved his name Azad by attaining martyrdom in a clash with police. Azad's contribution in the evolution of India as a nation will continue to encourage freedom lovers all over the world.
Chandra Shekhar, who served as the eighth Prime Minister of India, took charge at a difficult moment in India's history. The VP Singh government had just fallen in the aftermath of the post-Mandal Commission agitations and, from November 1990 to June 1991, Chandra Shekhar headed a minority government of a breakaway faction of the Janata Dal with outside support from the Congress as a stop-gap arrangement to delay elections. Crucially, the Indian economy was in a shambles, with his government having to authorize the mortgaging of gold to avoid default of payment. Making matters worse, Rajiv Gandhi pulled the rug from under its feet, leading to its fall in just six months, before his assassination in May 1991 that further plunged the country into uncertainty in the exacting general election season.Chandra Shekhar's time in office was short but critical in laying the ground for the PV Narsimha Rao government and liberalization of the economy that would take place later that year. This book looks at the pivotal role that the strongman from Ballia, Uttar Pradesh, played in the transition of power at a decisive juncture and the lessons his tenure holds for the India of today.
On the eve of Independence in 1947, Indian agriculture was characterized by feudal land relations and primitive technology, and the resultant low productivity per hectare. As a consequence, rural India presented a picture of mass poverty and widespread unemployment and under-employment. Therefore, the first task of the Government in the immediate post-Independence period was to initiate growth process in agriculture on modern lines. Modernization of agriculture was required both in terms of technological and institutional changes. The Mid-term Appraisal of the Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07) drew attention to the loss of dynamism in agriculture and allied sectors after the mid-1990s. Hence, v...
ON the bank of the Ganges, there was seated a boy under the green mantles of the mango groves, enjoying the evening melody of the flowing Bhagirathi.* Under his feet lay, on the green bed of grass, a little girl, casting upon his face her lingering glances—silent and motionless. She was gazing untiringly, and turning for a while her eyes towards the sky overhead, the river below, and the trees around, again fixed them upon that face. The name of the boy was Pratap—that of the girl, Shaibalini. Shaibalini was then only a girl of seven or eight—Pratap had scarcely stepped into youth. Overhead, the Papia, in its airy flight, filled the sky with waves of music and smoothly glided off.Shaib...
Nanotechnology is a budding field and has a pivotal role in sensing. Nanomaterials exist in various forms such as nanoparticles, nanoclusters, nanobelts, and nanospheres. These nanomaterials act as sensing interfaces and immobilization surfaces for various biomolecules such as enzymes, DNA, and antigens. Therefore, the preparation and characterization of these nanoparticles play an important role in sensing devices. This handbook has evolved from the authors’ teaching and research experience in the field of nanoparticle biosensing. It encompasses protocols for the synthesis of various forms of metal oxide nanoparticles; study of the various characterizing techniques that help deduce the sh...