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The Diagrammatics of ‘Race’
This is the first book that engages with the history of diagrams in physical, evolutionary, and genetic anthropology. Since their establishment as scientific tools for classification in the eighteenth century, diagrams have been used to determine but also to deny kinship between human groups. In nineteenth-century craniometry, they were omnipresent in attempts to standardize measurements on skulls for hierarchical categorization. In particular the ’human family tree’ was central for evolutionary understandings of human diversity, being used on both sides of debates about whether humans constitute different species well into the twentieth century. With recent advances in (ancient) DNA ana...
Forces of Nature
By the end of the 18th century, notions of "forces of nature" (Naturkräfte) were increasingly discussed across disciplinary bounds: attraction and repulsion, vital forces and electric fluids, formative drives and biological organisms were examined as forces linked to ‘natural’ processes. German Romantic literature, science, and philosophy – from Schelling and Novalis to Günderrode and Hölderlin – pondered interrelated notions of forces considered as dynamic and continually active in nature – forces which, in turn, also appeared to shape human actions, social structures, and cultural developments. This volume explores the points of reference for, approaches to, and afterlives of Romantic conceptions and representations of natural forces at the intersection of natural sciences and cultural imaginaries.
Taking Stock
The volume examines the proliferation of inventorying models and practices as cultural techniques of knowledge organization and production during the long nineteenth century. While inventories are still broadly treated as raw data and unprocessed source materials, the book shows how they function as complex media formats, intersecting and interfering with other material techniques to produce, store, distribute, organize and process cultural information. How do inventories work against and in dialogue with other media of collection, storage and retrieval such as catalogs, indexes, bibliographies, and archives; what new media configurations do techniques of inventorying enable and how, in turn, are such techniques shaped by the media channels and formats they employ; what is at stake in the critical effort of "taking stock", whether as commercial, bureaucratic, literary, historiographical, or scientific operations; finally, what do such operations tell us specifically about the production and circulation of knowledge in the German nineteenth century?
The Birth of Homeopathy out of the Spirit of Romanticism
Alice A. Kuzniar critically examines the alternative medical practice of homeopathy within the Romantic culture in which it arose. In The Birth of Homeopathy out of the Spirit of Romanticism, Kuzniar argues that Hahnemann was a product of his time rather than an iconoclast and visionary.
Brain and Race
Since the second half of the eighteenth century, generations of scientists persisted in studying the relationships between the volume, weight or shape of the human brain and the degree of ‘intelligence’. In Pogliano’s book, the thread of time drives the narrative up to the mid-twentieth century. It investigates the duration and changes of a game that was intrinsically political, although having to do with bones and nervous matter. Races made its main object, during a long period when Western culture believed the human species to be naturally partitioned into a number of discrete types, with their innate and hereditary traits. Never leading to irrefutable achievements, the polycentric (as well as visual) enterprise herein described is full of growing tensions, doubts, and disillusionment.
Sinicizing Christianity
Chinese people have been instrumental in indigenizing Christianity. Sinizing Christianity examines Christianity's transplantation to and transformation in China by focusing on three key elements: Chinese agents of introduction; Chinese redefinition of Christianity for the local context; and Chinese institutions and practices that emerged and enabled indigenisation. As a matter of fact, Christianity is not an exception, but just one of many foreign ideas and religions, which China has absorbed since the formation of the Middle Kingdom, Buddhism and Islam are great examples. Few scholars of China have analysed and synthesised the process to determine whether there is a pattern to the ways in which Chinese people have redefined foreign imports for local use and what insight Christianity has to offer. Contributors are: Robert Entenmann, Christopher Sneller, Yuqin Huang, Wai Luen Kwok, Thomas Harvey, Monica Romano, Thomas Coomans, Chris White, Dennis Ng, Ruiwen Chen and Richard Madsen.
Creative Complex Systems
In recent years, problems such as environmental and economic crises and pandemics caused by new viruses have been occurring on a global scale. Globalization brings about benefits, but it can increase the potential risks of “systemic problems”, leading to system-wide disruptions. The coronavirus pandemic, declared on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization, has revealed social disparities in the form of a higher risk of death for people of low-socioeconomic status and has caused massive destruction of the economy and of globalization itself. Extensive efforts to cope with these challenges have often led to the emergence of additional problems due to the chain of hidden causation....
Studies on Steinschneider
The present volume is devoted to the study of the life and work of Moritz (Moshe) Steinschneider (1816-1907). It shows that far from being a “mere bibliographer,” Steinschneider pursued a precise scientific agenda. This is a noteworthy contribution to our understanding of the project of the Wissenschaft des Judentums.
Die autobiographischen Aufzeichnungen des schlesischen Theologen Friedrich Lucae (1644–1708)
Der reformierte Theologe und Geschichtsschreiber Friedrich Lucae, 1644 im schlesischen Brieg geboren und 1708 als Pfarrer im hessischen Rotenburg an der Fulda gestorben, hinterließ autobiographische Aufzeichnungen, die hier erstmals in einer historisch-kritischen Edition vorgelegt werden. Der in den Jahren 1687/88 in Kassel entstandene Text vermittelt nicht nur detaillierte Einblicke in die Lebenswelten eines Konfessionsmigranten, sondern veranschaulicht auch epochenspezifische Eigenheiten der frühneuzeitlichen Kultur- und Bildungsgeschichte. Er bezeugt darüber hinaus den grenzübergreifenden Charakter des Reformiertentums, den ausgeprägten Internationalismus dieser Konfession und die hohe Mobilität ihrer Anhänger.
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