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For most African countries, malaria has become an overwhelming public health problem, leading some governments to consider using DDT for malaria control in the midst of a heightened debate about its advantages and disadvantages. This report seeks to document the nature of the DDT debate in East and Southern Africa by describing current DDT policy plus malaria and insecticide control specialists’ views on alternatives to DDT use, examining the factors that influence malaria control policy formation and assessing specialists’ knowledge about the human health impacts of DDT. To obtain this information, malaria and insecticide control specialists were interviewed in Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, ...
Why have South-East Asian countries like Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam been so successful in reducing levels of absolute poverty, while in African countries like Kenya, Nigeria and Tanzania, despite recent economic growth, most people are still almost as poor as they were half a century ago? This book presents a simple, radical explanation for the great divergence in development performance between Asia and Africa: the absence in most parts of Africa, and the presence in Asia, of serious developmental intent on the part of national political leaders.
This book covers the contribution of Christianity in the care, stewardship, and management of the environment. It uses ideas from the logical position of a Christian, created in God’s image, redeemed by God, and given responsibility to subdue and keep the earth, arguing that a Christian has the responsibility and mandate to care for the environment. It shows that successful stewardship happens when a Christian is aware of God’s intention for creation, exerts effort to increase it, and is expected to give an account to God for their actions toward it. The book presents environmental concerns in Kenya as an opportunity for change, describing situations and why they could become opportunities for change. Seven worldviews are presented that discourage Christians who want to do environmental stewardship, and Christian theological doctrines are discussed that could be used to cause ecclesial participation in environmental stewardship. Finally, the book envisions a “Conserving Church” with specific activities the church can do to successfully influence people to do environmental stewardship.
The overall goal of the Collaborative Program on ‘Investments in Agricultural Water Management in Sub-Saharan Africa’ is to contribute to broad-based sustainable poverty reduction and smallholder agricultural growth. The component on ‘Poverty considerations in investments in agricultural water management’ focuses in more detail on poverty and gender dimensions. It consists of two parts. The first part is thematic and elaborates poverty and gender issues emerging from the literature that complement the other components of the Collaborative Program. Part two is empirical. Acknowledging the lack of empirical data on poverty impacts of investments in agricultural water management, the Co...
Five years after Ronald Ross discovered the link between malaria and mosquitos, American entomologist Leland Howard wrote of the "mosquito evil" that occurs when "everybody's business is nobody's business." Howard’s insight was largely ignored, but it captures what social scientists now refer to as the problem of collective action. When this problem persists in the context of malaria, individuals under-provide prevention and suffer from a higher prevalence of malaria. Imagine a group of people trying to drain a pond where mosquitoes breed. Everyone in the group faces an incentive to free ride, which can hinder their drainage efforts. Thus, when people fail to resolve issues related to coll...
“Evidence-Informed Health Policy serves as a foundation for policymaking using an evidence-informed model with emphasis on the fact that the best policy is based on evidence. The second edition helps transform students into healthcare advocates who can work collaboratively throughout the policymaking process, preparing them to engage at any policy level in shaping the future of nursing.” –Keeley Harding, DNP, APRN, CNS, CPNP-AC/PC; and Beverly Hittle, PhD, RN Assistant Professors and Course Faculty Leaders for Combined DNP-PhD Health Policy University of Cincinnati “This book is an essential resource for nurses and healthcare professionals who are engaged or interested in influencing...
The construction of dams in Africa is often associated with adverse malaria impacts in surrounding communities. However, the degree and nature of these impacts are rarely quantified and the feasibility of manipulating reservoir water levels to control mosquito breeding has not been previously investigated in Africa. This report describes entomological and epidemiological studies conducted around the Koka Dam and Reservoir in Ethiopia. The research findings confirm the role of the reservoir in increasing malaria transmission and provide evidence that there is potential to use dam operation in integrated malaria control strategies.
Por lo general, las iniciativas para elaborar políticas relativas a la agricultura y la salud pública se llevan a cabo de una forma paralela e inconexa, a pesar de que las acciones conjuntas y coherentes en ambos sectores podrían generar grandes beneficios y reducir considerablemente los riesgos para las poblaciones pobres. Existe un creciente reconocimiento entre los profesionales del desarrollo de que la agricultura incide en la salud, de que ésta afecta a la agricultura, y que, en cambio, ambas tienen profundas implicaciones en la reducción de la pobreza. Este reconocimiento sugiere que existen oportunidades para que la agricultura contribuya a lograr una mejor salud y para que ésta...