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Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers.
Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease identifies important animal models and assesses the advantages and disadvantages of each model for the study of human disease. The first section addresses how to locate resources, animal alternatives, animal ethics and related issues, much needed information for researchers across the biological sciences and biomedicine.The next sections of the work offers models for disease-oriented topics, including cardiac and pulmonary diseases, aging, infectious diseases, obesity, diabetes, neurological diseases, joint diseases, visual disorders, cancer, hypertension, genetic diseases, and diseases of abuse. - Organized by disease orientation for ease of searchability - Provides information on locating resources, animal alternatives and animal ethics - Covers a broad range of animal models used in research for human disease
The present Research Topic proposes reviews and original articles covering the complex field of study of the importance of brain nutrient-sensing in the control of energy balance. It aims to give a clear view on the current questions addressed by the scientific community, and to raise new questions to achieve a full understanding of the impact of nutrient-sensing, and more generally nutrition, on brain functions.
Major depression is a highly prevalent disorder that poses a significant social burden in society nowadays. The pathophysiology of this disease is still poorly understood but growing evidence suggests that impaired neuron and glial plasticity may be a key underlying mechanism for the precipitation of the disorder. One of the most surprising findings in this field was the involvement of glial cells in the pathophysiology of major depression and in the action of antidepressants, namely in mechanisms related with adult neurogenesis imbalances or dendritic arborization impairments. In particular, several works refer to alterations in the morphology and numbers of astrocytes, microglia and oligod...
The constant increase in the number of obese and diabetic patients, which has become a concern of public health, is the consequence of dysregulations in energy homeostasis. Communications between the brain and peripheral tissues play a critical role in this regulation. Studying the brain-periphery axis has become a critical field of research. This chapter lists a panel of concepts, approaches, tools and techniques scientists possess to study the brain-periphery axis in the regulation of energy homeostasis. We focused on techniques used in vivo to stimulate the brain such as the stereotaxy, electrical stimulation, vascular surgery and optogenetic. We described tools and approaches used to study in vivo and in vitro response of neural cells to metabolic stimuli such as electrophysiology, cellular imaging, microdialysis and c-fos mapping. Finally, approaches used to study peripheral behavioral and metabolic responses such as food intake and body weight monitoring and glucose clamps are presented.
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This textbook provides an overview of different ways of conceptualising nature in epistemological terms, reflecting the tensions between the polarities of humans as masters or protectors of nature, or as part of or outside of nature.