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The ecology of arthropod disease vectors can greatly influence their vectorial capacity and thus both duration and severity of arboviral disease outbreaks. Elucidating the genetic factors that influence these ecological characteristics is key in developing mitigation strategies. In Chapter 1, I report the results of a transcriptomic comparison between feral and domestic forms of the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens forms pipiens and molestus. By examining the rate of nonsynonymous amino acid substitution between orthologous protein pairs, I define fast and slowly evolving genes and gene families that highlight the genetic variability in these two mosquito taxa. The results implicate ge...
This survey reports on the DNA identification and occurrence of Culex torrentium and Cx. pipiens s.s. in Belgium. These native disease-vector mosquito species are morphologically difficult to separate, and the biotypes of Cx. pipiens s.s. are morphologically indistinguishable. Culex torrentium and Cx. pipiens s.s. were identified using the COI and ACE2 loci. We recorded 1248 Cx. pipiens s.s. and 401 Cx. torrentium specimens from 24 locations in Belgium (collected between 2017 and 2019). Culex pipiens biotypes pipiens and molestus, and their hybrids, were differentiated using fragment-size analysis of the CQ11 locus (956 pipiens and 227 molestus biotype specimens, 29 hybrids). Hybrids were ob...
Mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens complex are principal vectors of West Nile virus (WNV) in the Northeastern United States. Understanding the life-history parameters and feeding behavior of these mosquitoes is critical in determining vector capacity and human exposure. I used age structure and mortality rates to determine the life-history parameters of Delaware's Culex pipiens population. Further, I associated blood host preference with their genetic makeup using multilocus microsatellite genetic analysis. Mosquitoes were collected at locations that previously showed elevated WNV epizootic activity in 2003 and 2004. Parity rates (i.e. proportion of females that oviposited at least one egg raft...