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Namondo. Child of the Water Spirits
The devaluation of the CFA franc and the early 90s mark the second wave of privatizations recommended by international financial institutions. The transition from a system of "social goals" to that of private capital becomes more and more evident. From the peoples' point of view, the ongoing reforms imposed from outside often do not take into account the specific situation of each country. Therefore, the question posed by privatization is: how can a government conciliate the need to privatize a public company with that of the consideration of the claims of the people? This is the fundamental question behind this thinking. We chose as example the case of the Cameroon Development Corporation (...
In Voice of the Leopard: African Secret Societies and Cuba, Ivor L. Miller shows how African migrants and their political fraternities played a formative role in the history of Cuba. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, no large kingdoms controlled Nigeria and Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the initiation society called Ékpè, or “leopard,” which was the highest indigenous authority. Ékpè lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. Cross River Africans, enslaved and forcibly brought to colonial Cuba, reorganized their Ékpè clubs covertly in Havana and Matanzas into a mutual-...