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Visions of Mind
This collection presents a diverse overview of advances in the development of artificial minds as the 21st century begins. Authors from the 2000 UK Society for Artificial Intelligence conference and others from around the world contributed to this multi-disciplinary approach to the long-term problem of designing a human-like mind for scientific, social or engineering purposes.
Connectionist Models of Memory and Language (PLE: Memory)
Connectionist modelling and neural network applications had become a major sub-field of cognitive science by the mid-1990s. In this ground-breaking book, originally published in 1995, leading connectionists shed light on current approaches to memory and language modelling at the time. The book is divided into four sections: Memory; Reading; Computation and statistics; Speech and audition. Each section is introduced and set in context by the editors, allowing a wide range of language and memory issues to be addressed in one volume. This authoritative advanced level book will still be of interest for all engaged in connectionist research and the related areas of cognitive science concerned with language and memory.
Computational Models of Argument
The subject of argumentation has been studied since ancient times, but it has seen major innovations since the advent of the computer age. Software already exists which can create and evaluate arguments in high-stake situations, such as medical diagnosis and criminal investigation; formal systems can help us appreciate the role of the value judgments which underlie opposing positions; and it is even possible to enter into argumentative dialogues as if playing a computer game. This book presents the 28 full papers, 17 short papers and a number of system demonstrations, described in an extended abstract, from the 2012 biennial Computational Models of Argument (COMMA) conference, held in Vienna...
Dealing with Complexity
In almost all areas of science and engineering, the use of computers and microcomputers has, in recent years, transformed entire subject areas. What was not even considered possible a decade or two ago is now not only possible but is also part of everyday practice. As a result, a new approach usually needs to be taken (in order) to get the best out of a situation. What is required is now a computer's eye view of the world. However, all is not rosy in this new world. Humans tend to think in two or three dimensions at most, whereas computers can, without complaint, work in n dimensions, where n, in practice, gets bigger and bigger each year. As a result of this, more complex problem solutions ...
Neural Networks for Conditional Probability Estimation
Conventional applications of neural networks usually predict a single value as a function of given inputs. In forecasting, for example, a standard objective is to predict the future value of some entity of interest on the basis of a time series of past measurements or observations. Typical training schemes aim to minimise the sum of squared deviations between predicted and actual values (the 'targets'), by which, ideally, the network learns the conditional mean of the target given the input. If the underlying conditional distribution is Gaus sian or at least unimodal, this may be a satisfactory approach. However, for a multimodal distribution, the conditional mean does not capture the releva...
Models Of Short-Term Memory
This volume offers a collection of theoretical perspectives in the area of short-term memory. It contains overviews of models of short-term memory, with particular emphasis placed on the detailed description of the functioning of the models. The volume represents both computational approaches and theories expressed in more traditional verbal form. Models represented in the volume also cover both developmental and neuropsychological perspectives on short-term memory.; This book should appeal to active researchers in the area of memory, to graduate students, and to academics who wish to update their knowledge of this fast- developing are of research and theory. Final year undergraduates may also find this book of interest.
Translanguaging and the Bilingual Brain
Multilingual classrooms and online communication are becoming increasingly linguistically diverse due to globalization and new discourse patterns are emerging. Many of these patterns include the use of linguistic resources from multiple languages in the same utterance. Translanguaging, a recent theoretical framework, is gaining prominence among scholars interested in studying these multilingual discursive practices and the concept of a unitary language system for lexical processing. The aim of this book is to gain a better understanding of the bilingual brain and how words and sentences that use features from socially distinct languages are processed. Using examples provided by multilingual ...
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Europe, AIME 2003, held in Protaras, Cyprus, in October 2003. The 24 revised full papers and 26 revised short papers presented together with two invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 65 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on temporal reasoning, ontology and terminology, image processing and simulation, guidelines and clinical protocols, terminology and natural language issues, machine learning, probabilistic networks and Bayesian models, case-based reasoning and decision support, and data mining and knowledge discovery.
Dynamics of decision making: from evidence to preference and belief
At the core of the many debates throughout cognitive science concerning how decisions are made are the processes governing the time course of preference formation and decision. From perceptual choices, such as whether the signal on a radar screen indicates an enemy missile or a spot on a CT scan indicates a tumor, to cognitive value-based decisions, such as selecting an agreeable flatmate or deciding the guilt of a defendant, significant and everyday decisions are dynamic over time. Phenomena such as decoy effects, preference reversals and order effects are still puzzling researchers. For example, in a legal context, jurors receive discrete pieces of evidence in sequence, and must integrate ...
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Europe, AIME 2009, held in Verona, Italy in July 2009. The 24 revised long papers and 36 revised short papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 140 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on agent-based systems, temporal data mining, machine learning and knowledge discovery, text mining, natural language processing and generation, ontologies, decision support systems, applications of AI-based image processing techniques, protocols and guidelines, as well as workflow systems.
