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How the classic mirror test served as a portal for scientists to explore questions of self-awareness Since the late eighteenth century, scientists have placed subjects—humans, infants, animals, and robots—in front of mirrors in order to look for signs of self-recognition. Mirrors served as the possible means for answering the question: What makes us human? In The Mirror and the Mind, Katja Guenther traces the history of the mirror self-recognition test, exploring how researchers from a range of disciplines—psychoanalysis, psychiatry, developmental and animal psychology, cybernetics, anthropology, and neuroscience—came to read the peculiar behaviors elicited by mirrors. Investigating ...
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Examines the lives of female social scientists in the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, their difficulties in gaining acceptance, and their pioneering studies of the differences between the sexes
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   In biography, autobiography, and other documents, this volume offers portraits of seven women who were the first of their sex to work as faculty and deans at coeducational universities in the United States and Canada. Most historians of higher education for women have focused their attention on women's colleges where the critical mass of faculty and students allowed communities of women to develop. Here, thanks to the recent research of seven scholars, we have stories of pathbreakers, pioneers, models of achievement, loneliness, isolation, and solitary triumphs recorded in journals, letters, and memoirs. The group of women includes an engineering graduate, two physicians, and an economist. The "woman question" loomed large in their lives and work: several were active in the suffrage movement, others worked on gender in research, or for such improvments as the 10-hour work day.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1882.
One hundred and forty years before Gerda Lerner established women’s history as a specialized field in 1972, a small group of women began to claim American Indian history as their own domain. A Field of Their Own examines nine key figures in American Indian scholarship to reveal how women came to be identified with Indian history and why they eventually claimed it as their own field. From Helen Hunt Jackson to Angie Debo, the magnitude of their research, the reach of their scholarship, the popularity of their publications, and their close identification with Indian scholarship makes their invisibility as pioneering founders of this specialized field all the more intriguing. Reclaiming this ...