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Predicting Entrepreneurial Behaviour
This article contributes to the occupational choice literature pertaining to entrepreneurship by applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to predict entrepreneurial behaviour. Originating from social psychology, the TPB posits that intention, a function of behavioural beliefs, is a significant predictor of subsequent behaviour. In spite of an established stream of scholarship explaining the formation of entrepreneurial intentions, empirical research has not yet employed longitudinal data to examine whether the intention to start a business measured at one point of time translates into subsequent entrepreneurial behaviour. This article provides a full test of the TPB in the prediction o...
Entrepreneurial Intentions in the Third Age
This article investigates the impact of perceived age norms on the formation of entrepreneurial intentions in the third age. Age norms refer to those social norms that determine whether establishing and running a business is considered appropriate behavior for a mature individual. A representative empirical analysis of 496 Finnish individuals aged 45-64 years shows that norms perceived as permissive of enterprising activity in the third age exert a significant positive influence on entrepreneurial intentions in this segment, even when controlling for the general level of entrepreneurship in the 55 Western Finnish municipalities included in the analysis. This influence is partially mediated b...
Enterprise in Sunset Career? Entrepreneurial Intentions in the Ageing Population
The contribution of our study is twofold. Firstly, it responds to the great need for the application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to examine entrepreneurial intentions in other demographic segments than students. Secondly, we address the topical policy issue of explaining the entrepreneurial intentions of the ageing population (individuals aged 50 or over). We found support for the TPB model in our sample of 531 older individuals in Finland. The most important predictor of entrepreneurial intentions was Perceived Behavioural Control, which is in keeping with earlier studies of students' entrepreneurial intentions. As such, the entrepreneurial intentions of older individuals are mostly influenced by their perception as to how easy or difficult they think starting up a business would be - an issue that policy planners are well advised to keep in mind.
Exploring Firm Emergence
Previous research has established a connection between initial conditions and new firm performance. Research on the gestation activities of nascent entrepreneurs, on the other hand, has demonstrated the potential importance of active behaviours on firm emergence. Since no research has addressed the effects of these two constructs on firm emergence in an empirical fashion, we frame this paper as an exploratory study designed to answer the following research question: to what extent do initial conditions and/or active behaviours explain firm emergence? We use a French national business plan competition to identify nascent firms. As a result, it seems that only active behaviours make a statistically significant impact on firm emergence, while initial conditions do not. Therefore, our preliminary finding is that a firm emerges merely through the active behaviours of entrepreneurs rather than as an outcome of initial conditions.
Exploring Determinants of Firm Emergence
This study explores the determinants of organizational emergence. Owing to the liabilities of newness, a pre-organization needs legitimacy in order to become a new organization. Institutional theory points out that pre-organizations should exhibit legitimated elements to be legitimated. Resource dependence theory claims that legitimacy can be acquired from the environment through proactive legitimating behaviors. Integrating these two views, this study examines how three potential legitimizing forces and three potential legitimating behaviors act upon organizational emergence. A convenience sample, a national business plan competition Tremplin Entreprises, was located in France for the empir...
Exploring the Evolution of Supporter Networks in the Creation of New Organizations
Networks are important to entrepreneurial success. However, most research in this area to date has merely addressed the what; namely, what types of networks enable success. We seek to extend this stream of research by answering the how and the why. In so doing, we elaborate on how entrepreneurs can develop their networks, arguing that in order to create new organizations, nascent entrepreneurs must acquire resources from an increasingly diverse set of relatively stronger and weaker ties throughout the emergence phase. We then hypothesize why this evolutionary path is effective across the various dimensions of tie strength. Analyzing data from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics I (PSED I) with multilevel random coefficient growth curve modeling, we find strong support for our hypotheses. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for both academics and practitioners.
Supporter Networks and Network Growth
Despite the belief that networks are essential to entrepreneurial success, very few studies consider the role of networks in the founding of new organizations. In response, we test the direct and interactive effects of the characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs' supporter networks and network growth on organizational emergence. We find that the governance and content of the supporter network, along with network growth, are important in predicting organizational emergence, and the structure and content of the supporter network may inform the need for network growth. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for academics and practitioners.
Entrepreneurship, Self-Employment and Retirement
This book presents a collection of nine studies which contribute to a more robust and richer understanding of entrepreneurship, self-employment and retirement in a diversity of settings, including the Netherlands, Canada, the United Kingdom, Singapore and the US, by drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data.
