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The passage of a system from one minimum energy state to another via a potential energy barrier provides a model for the microscopic description of a wide range of physical, chemical and biological phenomena. Examples include diffusion of atoms in solids or on surfaces, flux transitions in superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), isomerization reactions in solution, electron transfer processes, and ligand binding in proteins. In general, both tunneling and thermally activated barrier crossing may be involved in determining the rate. This book surveys key experiments chosen from physics, chemistry and biology, and describes theoretical methods appropriate for both classical and ...
Containment and permeable reactive barriers have come full circle as an acceptable environmental control technology during the past 30 years. As interest shifted back toward containment in the 1990s, the industry found itself relying largely on pre-1980s technology. Fortunately, in the past 10 years important advances have occurred in several areas
This detailed volume features techniques to explore the complex interface that separates the systemic circulation from the central nervous system, known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Beginning with an introduction to its physiology, the book continues with sections on using pluripotent stem cells in models of the BBB, co-culture, permeability and transwell models, microfluidic and chip models, as well as models to study specific BBB pathologies. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, The Blood-Brain Barrier: Methods and Protocols collects a wide range of methodologies which will aid all researchers in the fascinating world of the blood-brain barrier.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 663: Design of Roadside Barrier Systems Placed on MSE Retaining Walls explores a design procedure for roadside barrier systems mounted on the edge of a mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall. The procedures were developed following American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Load and Resistant Factor Design (LRFD) practices. Appendices A through H to NCHRP Report 663 are available online. Titles of Appendices A through H are as follows: Appendix A: Design of MSE Wall; Appendix B: State-of-Practice Survey; Appendix C: Detailed Drawing of MSE Wall for Bogie Test; Appendix D: Bogie Test MSE Wall Construction Procedure; Appendix E: Detailed Drawing of MSE Wall for TL-3 Test; Appendix F: TL-3 MSE Wall Construction Procedure; Appendix G: Crash Test Vehicle Properties and Information; Appendix H: Crash Test Sequential Photographs--
In this thesis, we introduce the novel concept of relaxed barrier function based model predictive control and present a comprehensive theoretical and algorithmic framework for the design, analysis, and implementation of relaxed barrier function based MPC approaches. Instead of treating the underlying optimization as an idealized static map, a key motive of the MPC results and algorithms presented in this thesis is to study the interconnected dynamics of controlled plant and iterative optimization algorithm in an integrated barrier function based framework and to analyze the resulting overall closed-loop system both from a systems theoretic and algorithmic perspective. One of the presented ma...
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