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First published in 1985, this book studies several common items in English conversation known variously as 'discourse particles', 'interjections', 'discourse markers', and, more informally, 'hesitations' or 'fillers'. While the analysis primarily focuses on 'like', 'well' and 'you know', the larger concern is the entire set of items of which these are members and as such 'I mean', 'now', 'oh', 'hey', and 'aha' are also examined. These discourse particles are analysed at length and then a framework is proposed in which their use individually makes sense and allows revealing comparisons to be made between them. This book will be of interest to students of linguistics
International conference proceedings, Mainz, 1997 and 1998.
Combining the vivid and colorful detail of a micro-history with a wider historical perspective, this groundbreaking study looks at the urban and social history of a small neighborhood community (a mahalle) of Ottoman Istanbul, the Kasap İlyas. Drawing on exceptionally rich historical documentation starting in the early sixteenth century, Cem Behar focuses on how the Kasap İlyas mahalle came to mirror some of the overarching issues of the capital city of the Ottoman Empire. Also considered are other issues central to the historiography of cities, such as rural migration and urban integration of migrants, including avenues for professional integration and the solidarity networks migrants formed, and the role of historical guilds and non-guild labor, the ancestor of the "informal" or "marginal" sector found today in less developed countries.
"... Offers hundreds of practical and valuable tips on influencing the important people in your life: your friends, your customers, your business associates, your employers"--Cover, P. [4].
In 1543, the Ottoman fleet appeared off the coast of France to bombard and lay siege to the city of Nice. The operation, under the command of Admiral Barbarossa, came in response to a request from François I of France for assistance from Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent in France's struggle against Charles V, the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. This military alliance between mutual 'infidels', the Christian French King and the Muslim Sultan, aroused intense condemnation on religious grounds from the Habsburgs and their supporters as an aberration from accepted diplomacy. Allies with the Infidel places the events of 1543 and the subsequent wintering of the Ottoman fleet in Toulon in the context of the power politics of the sixteenth century. Using contemporary Ottoman and French sources, it presents the realpolitik of diplomacy with 'infidels' in the early modern era.Th e result is essential reading for students and scholars of European
In The Origins of the Ottoman Empire, Köprülü criticized as unscientific the prevailing Western explanations of the origins of the Ottoman Empire. Leiser's translation from the Turkish reveals Köprülü's modern historiographic method, and his unique contribution in describing the nature of the relevant Muslim sources. Using these and other references, Köprülü gave the first broad comprehensive account--political, religious, social, and economic--of the Turkish history of Anatolia in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and outlined the major factors that led to the rise of the Ottomans.
A small but influential group of mainstream global industry leaders are now reinventing the role of business in society. They are shifting the focus away from minimizing negative impacts to offering new solutions to global problems that the public sector has been unable to tackle alone. In this new competitive environment, societal challenges such as climate change or the alleviation of global poverty are not only risks, but huge business opportunities, not only for niche players, but for mainstream business. These leaders are creating "Sustainable Value". They are creating it through the provision of value to both their shareholders and their stakeholders – an ever-growing list of diverse...