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Agriculture and the Environment
In this study, an overview is presented of agricultural policies on manure and minerals, relating to the Nitrate Directive to remedy excessive surface- and groundwater contamination from intensive agricultural practices. Six countries belonging to the European Union were studied: the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany and the United Kingdom. The policies and their legal incorporation were related to agricultural and environmental conditions in each country. In addition, an inventory was made of agricultural mineral poli cies in the United States and Canada. Conditions for livestock farming in North America differ considerably from those in Europe, but their solutions shed a diffe...
Environmental Condition of the Mediterranean Sea
This study investigates the extent of the pollution of the Mediterranean Sea with respect to the four bordering EC countries - spain, France, Italy, and Greece. The environmental pressures and economic impacts are examined and the institutional/legal framework is described together with all the necessary environmental expenditures. The book is written in such a way that separate chapters are devoted to each of the four countries, after an initial section summarizing the major commonalities. These chapters are organized in parallel formats so that it is possible to examine the same topic country by country. Good references are provided for the reader who is not familiar with the subject of Me...
Acidification and its Policy Implications
Providing a wealth of reference material for research scientists and policy makers, these proceedings address the extremely complex problem of acidification - a phenomenon which is causing serious deterioration of natural environments in Europe and North America. Papers review the effects of acidification on the aquatic environment, flora, fauna and vegetation, and materials, and also review cultural properties, the ecology as a whole and the economic impact of acidification. The papers on forest-dieback cover potential stress factors and the effects on materials and cultural properties. Scientific research results are presented which deal with models as tools for abatement strategies, and underline the application of models in policy-making. The review papers of scientific research on acidification are followed by the official report of the conference, and presentations by representatives of the EEC member countries giving an overview of national research programmes and policies regarding acidification.
Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean
Maritime strategy and naval power in the Mediterranean touches on migration, the environment, technology, economic power, international politics and law, as well as calculations of naval strength and diplomatic manoeuvre. These broad and fundamental themes are explored in this volume.
Contaminated Soil ’88
W.A. de Jong President of TNO Until some decades ago man supposed that the resilience of the environment was unlimited. He thought he could draw heavily on nature with impunity and that he could infinitely dump his waste into the environment. We have come to know better now: virtually everyone is well aware that one cannot just go on burdening the environment of man, animal and plant to such an extent. TNO, the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, is among those research institutions that are working on economically feasible solutions for pollution problems resulting from human activities. Soil contamination and remediation feature as important topics in TNO's environmen...
Prediction of the Environmental Fate of Chemicals
Concern over the effects of chemicals in the environment has been increasing for many years. Environmental contamination by DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin, mercury, PCBs, organotins and many other sub stances are all part of the public consciousness and have led to widespread attention to this topic. Some of the concerns have arisen because human health has been affected when contaminants have been consumed via the food chain-for instance in the case of 'Minimata disease' in Japan. In other cases, direct effects on other components of ecosystems have given cause for alarm. The toxic effects which any chemical can cause are a function of exposure and innate toxicity, i.e. of the ability to reach in su...
Disinfection Efficiency and Dose Measurement of Polychromatic UV Light
There is currently intense interest in the use of ultraviolet technology for helping to meet future regulations relating to improved microbial inactivation and decreased disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Much of this interest has been fueled by recent research indicating the effectiveness of UV technologies for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium. This scientific discovery, combined with proposed regulations concerning DBPs in the United States, has resulted in a need to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of UV irradiation for use as a disinfectant for drinking water.The objectives of this project were to:(1) develop and evaluate physical, chemical, and biological methods for calculati...
Tourism and the Environment
There is a complex relationship between the environment and the development of tourism, which this book discusses in a thorough and informative manner. Specialists from several disciplines pay attention to the challenges of sustainable tourism, devoting their full attention to cultural, regional and policy issues. This is a revised edition that has been expanded to 22 contributions, with inclusion of the cultural element. All chapters have been updated to include new data and information added to the existing body of literature in the last 7 years. It includes new developments and new insights into the relationship between tourism and the environment. An invaluable sequel to the first edition.
Landfilling of Waste
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Contaminated Soil '90
A. Rorsch TNO Board of Management In 1985 the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, in cooperation with the Netherlands Ministry for Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment, took the initiative for a conference on an important environmental problem: contaminated soil and groundwater. We named it, somewhat self-assured, the First International TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil. And indeed the contamination of soils and groundwater proved to be an environmental issue of such an extent that soon after the successful first conference, TNO started preparations for a second one, this time in cooperation with the State Ministry for the Environment (Umweltbehorde) of...
