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Privilege and the Politics of Taxation in Eighteenth-Century France, first published in 2000, offers a lucid interpretation of the Ancien Régime and the origins of the French Revolution. It examines what was arguably the most ambitious project of the eighteenth-century French monarchy: the attempt to impose direct taxes on formerly tax-exempt privileged elites. Connecting the social history of the state to the study of political culture, Michael Kwass describes how the crown refashioned its institutions and ideology to impose new forms of taxation on the privileged. Drawing on impressive primary research from national and provincial archives, Kwass demonstrates that the levy of these taxes, which struck elites with some force, not only altered the relationship between monarchy and social hierarchy, but also transformed political language and attitudes in the decades before the French Revolution. Privilege and the Politics of Taxation in Eighteenth-Century France sheds light on French history during this crucial period.
"In Designing the Seaside Fred Gray provides a history of seaside architecture from the 18th century to the present day, investigating leisure, entertainment, taste, fashion and gender, and shows how the seaside even became a hotbed for moral and sexual issues - from the early use of bathing machines to twentieth-century beauty pageants and naturist groups. He relates the evolution of resort architecture to sweeping changes in how seaside nature was experienced and used by holidaymakers. The book also traces the history of the coastal resort, with examples ranging from Regency Sidmouth to Victorian Scarborough and early 20th-century Morecambe, as well as assessing seaside developments in the USA and Continental Europe, from Coney Island and Santa Barbara to Nice and Trouville." "Featuring many colourful, informative and often entertaining photographs, drawings, guidebook illustrations, postcards and publicity posters from resorts around the world, Designing the Seaside is a thoroughly readables as well as a visually fascinating account of changing attitudes to holidaymaking and its setting."--BOOK JACKET.
Polyamines are small organic compounds found in all living organisms. In recent years, there have been many exciting advances in our understanding of plant polyamines, such as the determination of the biosynthetic and catabolic pathways of plant polyamines and the identification of the roles that plant polyamines play in cellular processes. This Special Issue contains six original research papers and three review articles, providing valuable insights and information for future polyamine-related research.
For this third volume of the series Soil Biology, internationally renowned scientists shed light on the significant roles of microbes in soil. Key topics covered include: bioerosion, humification, mineralization and soil aggregation; Interactions in the mycorrhizosphere; microbes and plant nutrient cycling; Microbes in soil surface or toxic metal polluted soils; Use of marker genes and isotopes in soil microbiology, and many more.
Completely revised and updated
The stories of the companions of Samuel de Champlain, the families who lives, worked, survived, and endured life at an isolated trading post in the strange New World-- these stories add flesh to the dry bones of the history of the seventeenth-century Age of Exploration.
Inspired by a personal obsession with this singular exotic fruit, Feijoa is a sweeping, global tale about the dance between people and plants - how we need each other, how we change each other, and the surprising ways certain species make their way into our imaginations, our stomachs, and our hearts. The feijoa comes from the highlands of Southern Brazil and the valleys of Uruguay, where it was woven into indigenous and Afro-Brazilian cultures. It was scientifically named in Berlin, acclimatised on the French Riviera, and failed to make its fortune in California. Today, it is celebrated by one small town in the Colombian Andes, and has become an icon of community and nationhood in New Zealan...