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Innovation System Revisited
Since the foundation of the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research in 1972, Fraunhofer ISI has adopted a systemic research perspective based on the heuristic concept of innovation systems. To mark ISI's 40th anniversary, this book offers an overview of current innovation system analyses in the field of conceptual and methodological issues from the national, technological, industrial, and regional perspective, and with regard to the public governance of innovation.
Competing for Global Innovation Leadership
Being successful and innovative today does not necessarily mean that one is also successful and innovative in the future. There are many examples in history where existing comparative advantages have been gambled away or simply disappeared whilst new players with new advantages gained ground. Against this background, Competing for Global Innovation Leadership: Innovation Systems and Innovation Policies in the USA, Europe and Asia compiles discussions on innovation systems and policies for a specific set of countries (Germany, USA, France, Japan, South Korea, China und India) and provides a complementary view of European innovation policy and Asia's innovation catch-up. Contributions come from scholars and researchers of different fields and disciplines. The volume provides insights into today's challenges for the selected countries and regions and the various dimensions of innovation policies. The articles in this book will allow a broader public to have a well-based understanding of the specific set of actors in the national innovation systems and innovation policies applied in each of the countries studied.
Germany’s Technological Performance
The research results presented in this book are part of the continuous reporting on the technological performance of the German economy. The indicators of technological performance show a high efficiency of the German innovation system in the short term. New knowledge is rapidly transferred into patents, innovative activities are growing independently of the business cycle, and German enterprises are well established on international markets. With respect to the medium and longer term, however, the expansion of the R&D-intensive sectors, R&D activities in general and start-ups do not seem to be strong enough, and the service sector lacks prominent features in international comparison. While there are potentials, they are not sufficiently being mobilised. The strength of the German innovation system lies in advanced technologies. But Germany is also the technological leader in some areas. Being a "fast follower" by quickly integrating new technologies in innovative products and processes should prove a successful strategy. Innovation policy should promote solutions in all parts of the economy and society.
Innovation in Production
How industrial companies in Germany's critically important investment goods sector are deploying new technological and organizational production concepts to adapt to competitiveness challenges, new market requirements, environmental demands, and policy pressures is examined in this book. It draws on the Fraunhofer ISI's unique nationwide survey of technology use and production in Germany. East German as well as West German data is analyzed. Readers will gain fresh insights about the diffusion of new production concepts, the interaction of process and product innovations, and subsequent effects on productivity, employment, work flexibility, and the business performance of German industry. Implications for business strategy, public policy, and ongoing research into technology diffusion are considered.
Innovations for our Future
Foresight has experienced a great upswing in the last few years, partly in view of the Millenium. Innovations for our Future describes not only the big development trends of the future in research and technology, but also the re-discovery of the Delphi method. The Delphi method is not new, but with further developed methodology it is being used increasingly to take stock of innovative future developments. The book describes results of the widespread national survey of 1998, a German-Japanese comparison, another comparison with the preceding Delphi study as well as its utilization and implementation.
Dynamics of Science-Based Innovation
This volume intends to give an insight into progress in the field of studies on modern science and technology. Researchers from Sweden, Japan and Germany began a "three country comparative study" in 1984. One of the primary aims of this study group was to better take account of the increasing importance of Japan in both analytical work and technology policy. To this end, researchers from the Research Policy Institute (RPI) at the University of Lund, the Graduate School of Policy Science at Saitama University in Urawa, and the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research in Karlsruhe met almost every year with policy makers from the three countries, in order to see how well the sc...
Outlook for Japanese and German Future Technology
In Japan, the Delphi method has been used since 1971 to predict possible technological developments. The same approach was used in Germany for the first time in 1992. This book analyses and compares the results from studies carried out in both countries. This comparison allows conclusions to be drawn as to the relevance of certain fields of technology or disciplines - not only for public policy but also for companies. Possible realization goals, constraints on their achievement, the current R&D level of the two nations and the necessity of international co-operation all give hints on tomorrow's technology and its economic and societal impacts.
The Governance of Socio-Technical Systems
Why are so few electric cars in our streets today? Why is it difficult to introduce electronic patient records in our hospitals? To answer these questions we need to understand how state and non-state actors interact with the purpose of transforming so
Low-tech Innovation
This book highlights the economic relevance of the so-called low-tech industries and firms. Non R&D intensive firms continue to be the economic backbone of several developed industrial countries. They form the core of National Innovation Systems and contribute significantly to growth and employment. However, due to their lack of R&D activity, they are easily overlooked in the general innovation debate. This book provides latest empirical findings on the current economic relevance and specific innovation strategies and management of non-R&D intensive firms in Germany. It discusses their future role in a knowledge driven economy as well as possible implications for innovation and technology policy. An outcome of several years of dedicated research conducted at the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), this book will prove of immense value to researchers and policy makers dealing with innovation and knowledge strategy.
National Systems of Innovation in Comparison
The concept of National Systems of Innovation was introduced as a method to describe the various elements which contribute to innovation performance and their interaction. In this book, the innovation structures of a broad set of countries are compared. It provides more than a pure compilation of quantitative indicators for international benchmarking, supporting an appropriate interpretation of the referring results and suggesting relevant conclusions for innovation policy.
