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Spice at Any Price
Frederick de Houtman - spy, navigator, astronomer, ship's master, prisoner, linguist, VOC Governor, field commander - was a key figure in the earliest days of the Dutch forays into the East Indies spice trade, surviving four journeys to today's Indonesia, the first two disastrous with enormous loss of life, then twice as VOC Governor, involved in the domination of the Portuguese, Spanish and English rivals and the local populations. He incidentally was the first European to encounter the south-west corner of Australia and the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, ending much speculation about Terra Incognita Australis. Born in Gouda, he lived out his days in Alkmaar in the Netherlands.
