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Die internationale Steuerung der Biotechnologie am Beispiel des Umgangs mit neuen genetischen Analysen
Die Untersuchung widmet sich dem internationalen Umgang mit den normativen Herausforderungen, die durch die Entwicklungen der Biotechnologie hervorgerufen werden. Die Anforderungen werden am Beispiel neuer genetischer Analysen, insbesondere der Genomsequenzierung, untersucht. Die Bewertung dieser Technologie erfolgt aus der Perspektive des Patienten als Person und mündet in Einschätzungen einer anerkennungswürdigen Steuerung der Technologie auf internationaler Ebene.Die Frage, in welcher Weise die Biotechnologie sinnvoll international gesteuert werden kann, ist bisher kaum untersucht worden. Es fehlt die hinreichende Beleuchtung der völkerrechtlichen Perspektive und der Bedeutung der UNESCO. Die Biotechnologie ist ein dynamischer Forschungs- und Technikbereich, gleichwohl müssen ihre Errungenschaften rechtlichen Anforderungen genügen. Daher ist bei ihrer völkerrechtlichen Betrachtung entscheidend, dass diese in die Zukunft weist und Möglichkeiten de lege ferenda aufgezeigt werden.
Measurement and Understanding in Science and Humanities
This anthology is a unique compilation of scientific contributions on the topic of measurement and understanding, showing how terms such as number, measurement, understanding, model, pattern are used in a wide variety of disciplines. Based on the results and experiences from their own projects, 23 researchers comment on the potentials and limitations of individual methodological approaches and success factors of interdisciplinary collaboration. In doing so, they sound out the different significance of quantification and empirical evidence for their own disciplines and examine the influence of methodological approaches on existing models and images. The common goal is to want to understand the world; the methods, however, are highly diverse.
Handbook of Bioethical Decisions. Volume I
The Handbook of Bioethical Decisions is aimed at addressing and analyzing the most important ethical concerns and moral quandaries arisen in biomedical and scientific research. As such, it identifies and problematizes on a comprehensive range of ethical issues researchers must deal with in different critical contexts. Thus, the Handbook, Vol. I, may be helpful for them to make decisions and deliberate in complex practical scenarios. In this fashion, the volume reunites different points of view to give readers room enough to get a better knowledge and take their own position on pressing bioethical issues of the day. Consequently, this work seeks to engender dense ethical epistemology scientis...
Regulating Artificial Intelligence
This book assesses the normative and practical challenges for artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, offers comprehensive information on the laws that currently shape or restrict the design or use of AI, and develops policy recommendations for those areas in which regulation is most urgently needed. By gathering contributions from scholars who are experts in their respective fields of legal research, it demonstrates that AI regulation is not a specialized sub-discipline, but affects the entire legal system and thus concerns all lawyers. Machine learning-based technology, which lies at the heart of what is commonly referred to as AI, is increasingly being employed to make policy and busines...
Between Moral Hazard and Legal Uncertainty
Genome Editing Techniques are seen to be at the frontier of current research in the field of emerging biotechnologies. The latest revolutionary development, the so-called CRISPR technology, represents a paradigmatic example of the ambiguity of such techniques and has resulted in an international interdisciplinary debate on whether or not it is necessary to ban the application of this technique by means of a moratorium on its use for human germline modifications, particularly in human embryos in the reproduction process. However, given that other germline engineering techniques like mitochondrial (mt) DNA transfer techniques are already permitted and applied, the question arises what lies at the root of the apparent social unease about the modification of the human germline by Genome Editing Techniques like CRISPR. Against this background, the book seeks to make a substantial contribution to the current debate about a responsible and participatory framework for research on emerging biotechnologies by analysing underlying perceptions, attitudes, arguments and the reasoning on Genome Editing Techniques.
Genetic Transparency? Ethical and Social Implications of Next Generation Human Genomics and Genetic Medicine
Genetic Transparency? tackles the question of who has, or should have access to personal genomic information. Genomics experts and scholars from the humanities and social sciences discuss the changes in interpersonal relationships, human self-understandings, ethics, law, and the health systems.
The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence
In the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a disruptive force around the world, offering enormous potential for innovation but also creating hazards and risks for individuals and the societies in which they live. This volume addresses the most pressing philosophical, ethical, legal, and societal challenges posed by AI. Contributors from different disciplines and sectors explore the foundational and normative aspects of responsible AI and provide a basis for a transdisciplinary approach to responsible AI. This work, which is designed to foster future discussions to develop proportional approaches to AI governance, will enable scholars, scientists, and other actors to identify normative frameworks for AI to allow societies, states, and the international community to unlock the potential for responsible innovation in this critical field. This book is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Protecting Genetic Privacy in Biobanking Through Data Protection Law
Hallinan argues that the substantive framework presented by the GDPR offers an admirable base-line level of protection for the range of genetic privacy rights engaged by biobanking.
Open Data Protection
This study analyses legal barriers to data sharing in the context of the Open Research Data Pilot, which the European Commission is running within its research framework programme Horizon2020. In the first part of the study, data protection issues are analysed. The main focus is on the Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC) and its implementation in selected EU Member States. Additionally, the upcoming General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679/EU) and relevant changes are described. Special focus is placed on leading data protection principles. Next, the study describes the use of research data in the Open Research Data Pilot and how data protection principles influence such use. The experi...
Tort Liability and Autonomous Systems Accidents
Autonomous systems driven by artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have significant potential for increased productivity and improved safety in many sectors, but it is inevitable that some accidents will occur. The law needs an adequate way to respond to these scenarios and compensate those wrongfully injured. This comprehensive book examines the unique difficulties that autonomous systems create for existing accident compensation systems founded on tort, and proposes solutions.
