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With daily signals, Nature is communicating us that its unconscious wicked exploitation is no more sustainable. Our socio-economic system focuses on production increasing without considering the consequences. We are intoxicating ourselves on a daily bases just to allow the system to perpetuate itself. The time to switch into more natural solutions is come and the scientific community is ready to offer more natural product with comparable performance then the market products we are used to deal with. This book collects a broad set of scientific examples in which research groups from all over the world, aim to replace fossil fuel-based solutions with biomass derived materials. In here, some of the most innovative developments in the field of bio-materials are reported considering topics which goes from biomass valorization to the synthesis of high preforming bio-based materials.
In the recent years there is a growing worldwide interest in the use of biofuels as they can reduce the CO 2 emissions of fuels used in transportation, diversify energy procurement, contribute to a longterm replacement for oil and offer new earning opportunuties for the rural sector. This book by dr. Sirinuch Chindaruksa and dr. Michela Pin represents a humble, but effective and timely, contribution to assessing the role that biofuels can play. It is devoted to a careful discussion of sweet sorghum as a suitable (profitable, promising) raw material for bioethanol production, including the analysis of a small scale plant. Sirinuch Chindaruksa e Michela Pin in modo semplice, danno un contributo all’attualissimo e diffuso argomento dell’uso di biocarburanti nei mezzi di trasporto al fine di ridurre l’emissione di CO2. Nel libro è esposta un’argomentazione accurata sul sorgo zuccherino come materia prima idonea ed economicamente vantaggiosa nella produzione di bioetanolo.
Thermosetting plastics are a distinct category of plastics whose high performance, durability and reliability at high temperatures makes them suitable for specialty applications ranging from automotive and aerospace through to electronic packaging and consumer products (your melamine kitchen worktop is a thermoset resin!). Recent developments in thermoset plastics technology and processes has broadened their use exponentially over recent years, and these developments continue: in November 2011, French scientists created a new lightweight thermoset that is as strong and stable as previous materials yet can be easily reworked and reshaped when heated which makes it unique amongst thermosets an...
The 21st century could see the switch from the fossil fuel to the biological based economy. Papers presented in this conference proceedings explore the questions involved.
Tannins are a family of versatile, natural phenolic biomolecules whose key role is to protect plants against insects and fungi. They are also valuable in use for humans. We show tannins' antioxidant and antibacterial properties, in addition to their potential application in the food industry. We prove the accessibility of condensed tannins to a wide range of potential applications, including NH3 neutralizer, the building block of numerous porous materials, such as foams, organic, and carbon gels. Finally, they are known as wood adhesives, heavy metal scavengers, and corrosion inhibitors. With this book, we want to present the most promising perspectives of tannin.
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010 has shown us that increasing risks and costs have to be accepted to satisfy the increasing demand of material and energy resources from a worldwide perspective. Increasing the recovery of raw materials is one possibility, but another one is increasing efficiency in processing and production. Therefore, the development and improvement of processing technologies is a crucial factor for economic progression. This book contains discussions from the 1st International Conference on Processing Technologies for the Forest and Biobased Products Industries, held in October 2010 at Salzburg University of Applied Sciences Kuchl/Austria. The conference provided a forum for discussions among researchers, producers, and consumers of forest and biobased products and acted as a catalyst for new research on process technologies, on quality control and process improvement, and on new concepts for use by technical managers, operations managers, and business managers. The book presents an overview of new developments in processing technologies in the forest and biobased products industries. (Series: Austria: Forschung und Wissenschaft - Technik)
This unique multidisciplinary 8-volume set focuses on the emerging issues concerning synthesis, characterization, design, manufacturing and various other aspects of composite materials from renewable materials and provides a shared platform for both researcher and industry. The Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials comprises a set of 8 individual volumes that brings an interdisciplinary perspective to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between the synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications and performance of these advanced materials. The Handbook comprises 169 chapters from world renowned experts covering a multitude of natural polymers/...
This chapter addresses the importance and usage of the commercially low volume thermoset plastics group known as allyls. The three significant sub-elements of this group are poly(diallylphthalates), poly(diallylisophthalates), and poly(allyldiglycol carbonate). Chemistry, processing, and properties are also described. Allyl polymers are synthesized by radical polymerizations of allyl monomers that usually do not produce high-molecular-mass macromolecules. Therefore, only a few specific monomers can produce thermosetting materials. Diallyldiglycolcarbonate (CR-39) and diallylphthalates are the most significant examples that have considerably improved our everyday life.
Unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) and vinyl ester resins (VER) are among the most commercially important thermosetting matrix materials for composites. Although comparatively low cost, their technological performance is suitable for a wide range of applications, such as fiber-reinforced plastics, artificial marble or onyx, polymer concrete, or gel coats. The main areas of UPR consumption include the wind energy, marine, pipe and tank, transportation, and construction industries. This chapter discusses basic UPR and VER chemistry and technology of manufacturing, and consequent applications. Some important properties and performance characteristics are discussed, such as shrinkage behavior, flame retardance, and property modification by nanoparticles. Also briefly introduced and described are the practical aspects of UPR and VER processing, with special emphasis on the most widely used technological approaches, such as hand and spray layup, resin infusion, resin transfer molding, sheet and bulk molding, pultrusion, winding, and centrifugal casting.