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Complex Systems and Cognitive Processes
This volume describes our intellectual path from the physics of complex sys tems to the science of artificial cognitive systems. It was exciting to discover that many of the concepts and methods which succeed in describing the self organizing phenomena of the physical world are relevant also for understand ing cognitive processes. Several nonlinear physicists have felt the fascination of such discovery in recent years. In this volume, we will limit our discussion to artificial cognitive systems, without attempting to model either the cognitive behaviour or the nervous structure of humans or animals. On the one hand, such artificial systems are important per se; on the other hand, it can be e...
The Dawn of Cognitive Science
Current debate in cognitive science, from robotics to analysis of vision, deals with problems like the perception of form, the structure and formation of mental images and their modelling, the ecological development of artificial intelligence, and cognitive analysis of natural language. It focuses in particular on the presence of a hierarchy of intellectual constructions in different formats of representation. These diverse approaches, which share a common assumption of the inner nature of representation, call for a new epistemology - even a new psychophysics - based on a theory of reference which is intrinsically cognitive. As a contribution to contemporary research, the reading presents the core of theories developed in Central Europe between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by philosophers, physicists, psychologists and semanticists who shared a dynamic approach and a pronounced concern with problems of interaction and dependence. These theories offer innovative solutions to some of the epistemological and philosophical problems currently at the centre of debate, like part-whole, theory of relations, and conceptual and linguistic categorization.
Symbols and Artifacts
A selection of 18 papers from an international conference in Milan, June 1987, organized by the Standing Conference on Organizational Symbolism. Details how corporate artifacts are invested with meaning, are related to control, and can be used as cultural indicators in research. Among the topics are office design, housing modifications, computer systems, and the space shuttle. Fairly devoid of specialist jargon.
Systems Biology
Growth in the pharmaceutical market has slowed down – almost to a standstill. One reason is that governments and other payers are cutting costs in a faltering world economy. But a more fundamental problem is the failure of major companies to discover, develop and market new drugs. Major drugs losing patent protection or being withdrawn from the market are simply not being replaced by new therapies – the pharmaceutical market model is no longer functioning effectively and most pharmaceutical companies are failing to produce the innovation needed for success. This multi-authored new book looks at a vital strategy which can bring innovation to a market in need of new ideas and new products:...
AI*IA 2009: Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, AI*IA 2009, held in Reggio Emilia, Italy, in December 2009. The 50 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 83 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge representation and reasoning, machine learning, evolutionary computation, search, natural language processing, multi-agent systems and application.
Mind Design II
Mind design is the endeavor to understand mind (thinking, intellect) in terms of its design (how it is built, how it works). Unlike traditional empirical psychology, it is more oriented toward the "how" than the "what." An experiment in mind design is more likely to be an attempt to build something and make it work—as in artificial intelligence—than to observe or analyze what already exists. Mind design is psychology by reverse engineering. When Mind Design was first published in 1981, it became a classic in the then-nascent fields of cognitive science and AI. This second edition retains four landmark essays from the first, adding to them one earlier milestone (Turing's "Computing Machin...
Ombre di scienza
Il cinema, proprio perché racconta storie di vita, si presta particolarmente ad affiancare, o addirittura a precedere gli inquadramenti concettuali della comunicazione della scienza e della formazione scientifica, facendoli apprezzare non già come semplici fotografie del mondo, ma piuttosto come geniali prodotti dell'immaginazione e della ragione di esseri umani all’interno della cultura del loro tempo: una cultura con le sue certezze, i suoi interrogativi, le sue immagini del mondo. L’importanza del cinema in ambito formativo viene illustrata trattando il tema delle novità celesti che, all’inizio del 1600, mettono in crisi non solo l’astronomia tradizionale, ma addirittura l’immagine del mondo e i suoi rapporti con la religione. I protagonisti sono, naturalmente, Johannes Kepler e Galileo Galilei che, seppure a distanza, dialogano su questi temi: Johannes, sincero e appassionato cercatore di un senso del mondo, e Galileo, fondatore di una scienza nuova.
In Cima Alle Stelle
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