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Handbook of Basal Ganglia Structure and Function
The Basal Ganglia comprise a group of forebrain nuclei that are interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem. Basal ganglia circuits are involved in various functions, including motor control and learning, sensorimotor integration, reward and cognition. The importance of these nuclei for normal brain function and behavior is emphasized by the numerous and diverse disorders associated with basal ganglia dysfunction, including Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, Huntington's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, dystonia, and psychostimulant addiction. The Handbook of Basal Ganglia provides a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional organization of the...
The Basal Ganglia VIII
The aim of the International Meetings of the Basal Ganglia Society (IBAGS) is to provide a unique environment for the open presentation and discussion of new and challenging information about the basal ganglia as it relates to health and disease, covering all areas of basic science and research. Specific topics of the proceedings of this Eighth International Triennial Meeting of the Basal Ganglia Society include behavior, circuitry, functional imaging, modelling, movement disorders, neuropathology, neurotransmitters, pharmacology, physiology, plasticity, treatments for basal ganglia disorders, ventral systems, health and disease, immunology and basal ganglia, and much more.
Basal Ganglia Circuits
The current basal ganglia model has been introduced 25 years ago and has settled the basis for most of our current understanding of Parkinson's disease. Despite the tremendous success of the model, a number of experimental evidences have been made available over the past 25 years and the "classical" basal ganglia model is somewhat obsolete. I believe that it would be possible to recruit a number of international leading experts that have generated new data on basal ganglia circuits and therefore a Research Topic of this kind would lead to the introduction of a fully updated basal ganglia model, incorporating all the new basal ganglia circuits that have been characterized over the past 25 years.
Thalamic Function - Beyond a Simple Relay
The thalamus is often described as a relay. Typified by sensory pathways, this concept leads to thalamic nuclei being viewed as areas that passively streams information from a single source to the cortex, without affecting the nature of that information. However, diverse intrathalamic connections, the varying synaptic and membrane properties of thalamic neurons and the large number of inputs from non-sensory sources make the idea that the thalamus is just a passive relay unlikely. Furthermore, a large number of thalamic nuclei are not primarily driven by sensory signals nor do they exclusively target the cortex, meaning the thalamus must do more than simply pass sensory signals to the cortex. Finally, there is a wealth of research demonstrating that the thalamus does indeed function in ways that are not captured by the concept of a simple relay. So why, given all of this, is the primary paradigm for describing the thalamus, a relay? This Research Topic covers original research, reviews and hypotheses on thalamic function that explore the concept that the thalamus performs computational tasks other than simply passively relaying information.
Cortico-Subcortical Dynamics in Parkinson’s Disease
The striatum is the principal input structure of the basal ganglia. Numerically, the great majority of neurons in the striatum are spiny projection neurons, which produce the inhibitory output of the striatum to the globus pallidum and substantia nigra. The major glutamatergic afferents to the striatum from the cerebral cortex make monosynaptic contact with spiny projection neurons. The dopaminergic afferents from the substantia nigra also synapse directly on the spiny projection neurons. Thus, the spiny projection neurons play a crucial role in the input–output operations of the striatum by integrating glutamatergic cortical inputs with dopaminergic inputs and producing the output to othe...
GABA and the Basal Ganglia
Over the past 25 years the amount of data pertaining to the GABAergic function in the basal ganglia has increased dramatically. GABA and the Basal Ganglia - From Molecules to Systems is a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art of knowledge about the neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology and neurophysiology of the basal ganglia, focusing on its GABAergic microcircuitry. It serves as a complete reference to the body of knowledge about the basal ganglia, its constituent neurons, and their interconnections. This volume is designed to serve as a convenient all-in-one review and reference for experienced basal ganglia researchers as well as an introduction to the functional organization of the basal ganglia and its GABAergic circuitry for students and researchers new to the field.* Reviews the anatomy, physiology and pharmacology of the basal ganglia itself in addition to focusing on the GABAergic circuitry of the basal ganglia* Authors of each chapter leading internationally acclaimed experts in basal ganglia research
Serotonin
The vast growth of knowledge in recent years concerning the functional role of serotonergic systems in central nervous system function prompted the organization of the symposium. The organiz ing committees felt at the onset that the field of serotonin research had grown so rapidly that it would be impossible to cover every aspect of it in individual symposia. Thus it was felt that certain areas of research had to be omitted due to time constraints, and we extend an apology to the researchers in areas not included in these proceedings. Rather it was hoped to provide a balance overview of the field, starting with the anatomy of serotonergic systems and proceeding to the level of the serotonerg...
Basal Ganglia X - Proceedings of the 10th Triennial Meeting of the International Basal Ganglia Society
This volume contains articles describing research on the basic, pre-clinical and clinical neuroscience of the basal ganglia written by attendees of the 10th Triennial Meeting of the International Basal Ganglia Society (IBAGS) that was held June 20-24th, 2010 at the Ocean Place Resort in Long Branch, New Jersey, USA. For each of the preceding 9 IBAGS meetings, the meeting proceedings were published conventionally as a volume in the Advances in Behavioral Biology series. These volumes were expensive, were published only in very small quantities, had very limited availability to both basal ganglia researchers and the general neuroscience community, were not available on-line and the articles co...
